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ECONOMICS 9708/42 Paper 4 Data Response and Essays 2019
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ECONOMICS 9708/42
Paper 4 Data Response and Essays
2019
Section A
Answer this question.
1 India’s grocery market
Amar Singh explained why he sells ‘exotic’ produce, such as broccoli and iceberg lettuce, at his
In India, the 11 million small traders like Mr Singh are protected. India’s complex rules have made
This may be because 70% of India’s population are rural dwellers so a localised strategy is vital
Long-established kirana retailers often also benefit from prime store locations, leaving modern
Fig. 1.1 shows the results of a survey of customers in the largest cities in India to find their
Store type Stalls and kiranas with home delivery
Online grocers
Stalls and kiranas
Supermarkets
Key
Groceries and
Vegetables only
Groceries only
0% 25% 50%
Percentage of customers
Fig. 1.1: Survey results
Sources: adapted from The Economist, October 2014, Laura May, academia.edu, April 2014
and Market Express India, September 2016
(a) Identify two ways in which kiranas compete for customers. [2]
(b) What can be concluded about the groceries and vegetables trade in India from Fig. 1.1? [5]
(c) Use economic analysis to suggest the market structure in which kiranas operate and explain
(d) Discuss how it might be possible for supermarkets in India to compete with the stalls and
Section B
Answer two questions.
2 Explain what is meant by ‘market failure’ and consider how far government intervention can reduce
3 A recent newspaper article commented on the fact that a pharmaceutical company charged
US$80 for the same treatment.
(a) Explain why the company might follow this policy and what conditions are necessary to allow
(b) Discuss whether oligopolistic industries always operate against the interests of consumers.
[13]
4 (a) Analyse how an individual consumer’s demand curve for a product is derived and consider
(b) Use indifference curve analysis to distinguish between the effect of an increase in income on
5 Cyclical and structural unemployment are the most common types of unemployment.
Explain the causes of these types of unemployment and assess the effectiveness of government
6 (a) The US Federal Reserve (the country’s central bank) has pursued a policy of quantitative
Explain how quantitative easing affects the level of economic activity in a country. [12]
(b) Discuss how far (i) an increase in wages and (ii) a loss of business confidence might affect
7 (a) Explain what is meant by actual economic growth and potential economic growth. [12]
(b) ‘Health, education and savings are the most important factors in determining long-term
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