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ETC1000 / ETW1000/MCD2080 BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC STATISTICS 2018
发布时间：2022-01-13
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Semester One 2018
Examination Period
Faculty of Business and Economics
ETC1000 / ETW1000/MCD2080
BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC STATISTICS
Question 1: Living Standards (10 marks)
In this question we will look at some of the individual components / indicators for the MPI related to living standards, and associations between these.
a. Consider the following pivot tables, and then answer the questions below.
|
Count of sanitation is poor |
sanitation is poor |
||
|
no access to clean water |
0 |
1 |
Grand Total |
|
0 |
24.3% |
30.9% |
55.3% |
|
1 |
7.2% |
37.6% |
44.7% |
|
Grand Total |
31.5% |
68.5% |
100.0% |
|
Count of sanitation is poor |
sanitation is poor |
||
|
no access to clean water |
0 |
1 |
Grand Total |
|
0 |
77.2% |
45.2% |
55.3% |
|
1 |
22.8% |
54.8% |
44.7% |
|
Grand Total |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
|
Count of sanitation is poor |
sanitation is poor |
||
|
no access to clean water |
0 |
1 |
Grand Total |
|
0 |
44.1% |
55.9% |
100.0% |
|
1 |
16.0% |
84.0% |
100.0% |
|
Grand Total |
31.5% |
68.5% |
100.0% |
i. What percentage of households are deprived of both clean water and good sanitation?
(2 marks)
ii. Which is the more common: access to clean water, or access to good sanitation facilities? Explain. (2 marks)
iii. Explain how the value 45.2% in the second table is calculated.
(2 marks)
iv. Consider the following incomplete % of row table.
|
Count of sanitation is poor |
sanitation is poor |
|
|
|
|
no access to clean water |
0 |
|
1 |
Grand Total |
|
0 |
a |
|
b |
100.0% |
|
1 |
c |
|
d |
100.0% |
|
Grand Total |
31.5% |
|
68.5% |
100.0% |
Suppose access to sanitation is independent of whether households have clean water or not. What values would be in the cells of the table labelled a, b, c and d? Explain intuitively why they would take these values.
(4 marks)
Question 2: Education (22 marks)
a. The following regression can be used to analyse the Indicator around the level of education in the household.
Dependent Variable: the variable indicating that no person in the household has 5+ years of education.
Explanatory Variable (Mean): takes the value 1 for all households.
