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ATOMIC & NUCLEAR PHYSICS ASSESSMENT 2024
发布时间：2024-06-07
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Physics 2.5: Achievement Standard Physics 91172 v2: 3 Credits
Physics 2.2: Achievement Standard Physics 91169 v2: 3 credits
ATOMIC & NUCLEAR PHYSICS ASSESSMENT 2024
NCEA Standard information:
Physics 2.2:
|
Achievement |
Achievement with Merit |
Achievement with Excellence |
|
Demonstrate understanding of physics relevant to a selected context. |
Demonstrate in-depth understanding of physics relevant to a selected context. |
Demonstrate comprehensive understanding of physics relevant to a selected context. |
Physics 2.5:
|
Achievement |
Achievement with Merit |
Achievement with Excellence |
|
Demonstrate understanding of atomic and nuclear physics. |
Demonstrate in-depth understanding of atomic and nuclear physics. |
Demonstrate comprehensive understanding of atomic and nuclear physics. |
This achievement standard has the following topics:
● models of the atom (Thomson and Rutherford), gold foil experiment
● nuclear transformations: radioactive decay (half-life), fission and fusion reactions
● conservation of atomic and mass number
● products of nuclear transformation: power generation, E = mc2, P = E/t, properties of nuclear emissions (ionising ability, penetration ability).
Key information about the assessment
● You will be creating a POSTER (electronic or physical) about an application of nuclear physics if digital submit as either a .pdf or .pub
● The poster is due at 8:45 am Thursday 28th March – late assessments will not be marked unless appropriate application for extension has been made.
● You will also need to submit research notes (the digital workbook used in class), a bibliography, and the full working for any calculations (if they don’t fit on your poster). If your poster is physical, you will also need to submit an electronic version of your text to check for authenticity.
● The poster must be COMPLETELY IN YOUR OWN WORDS. If you don’t know how to word something and get tempted to just copy a source word for word, it probably means you need to understand the idea more thoroughly. Read another source or ask your teacher if this happens. You must submit a digital copy of your writing for authenticity analysis.
● Diagrams can be added for explanation but will not be marked unless hand drawn.
● You may include photos, but you must put the source of the photo on the poster.
● The maximum word count is 1000 words. This is a maximum, not an aim. We are looking for quality explanations rather than quantity.
AUTHENTICITY
By submitting work for this internal you are confirming your agreement with the KingsWay school authenticity policy. If your work is found to have been plagiarised, you will receive a NA grade.
Topics:
1. Nuclear power generation – Fission reactors
2. Nuclear power generation – Experimental Fusion reactors
3. Nuclear weapons – Fission bombs
4. Nuclear weapons – Fusion bombs
5. Domestic Smoke Detectors
6. Medical treatments (there are a variety of different isotopes and techniques, e.g. brachytherapy, radioisotope therapy – just choose one where the nuclear reaction involves beta decay e.g. Ir-192, Co-60, I-131)
What to include in your poster:
The poster should include (not necessarily in this order)
1. The structure of the atom. This should include a description of Thomson’s and Rutherford’s atomic models along with experimental evidence that led to the model.
2. A description of the type/s of nuclear reaction/s (fission, fusion, alpha, beta, and gamma decay) that is relevant for your application. Also add why other types of decay/particles would not be suitable for comparison.
3. A nuclear equation for the reaction/s in this application, with an explanation stating what is happening in the reaction, what the numbers mean, and an explanation of how the laws of conservation are applied for this reaction.
4. The importance of the application to society.
5. An explanation of how the application works. The key part is to explain the role of the nuclear reaction to the function of the application. This is the main part of the poster.
The key nuclear physics to include for each topic are:
NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION - FISSION
a) A calculation and explanation of the energy produced by the nuclear reaction using E= mc2. The details of the calculation may be handed in with your notes if you don’t have enough space. Include an explanation about why this energy is important. Additional calculations could also be done to give readers a feel for the amount of energy generated.
b) An explanation of chain reactions
c) How the energy gets turned into electricity.
d) A description of half-life, the half-life/lives of an isotope/s relevant to the application, a graph of the decay curve, and an explanation of how the half life/lives of these isotopes are important to the application.
NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION – EXPERIMENTAL FUSION
a) A calculation and explanation of the energy produced by the nuclear reaction using E= mc2. The details of the calculation may be handed in with your notes if you don’t have enough space. Include an explanation about why this energy is important. Additional calculations could also be done to give readers a feel for the amount of energy generated.
b) A description of half-life, the half-life/lives of an isotope/s relevant to the application, a graph of the decay curve, and an explanation of how the half life/lives of these isotopes are important to the application.
c) Explanation of why fusion reactions need high temperature and pressure
d) Briefly state the advantages of fusion reactors over fission reactors
NUCLEAR WEAPONS – FISSION BOMBS
a) A calculation and explanation of the energy produced by the nuclear reaction using E= mc2, and what happens to this energy. The details of the calculation may be handed in with your notes if you don’t have enough space. Additional calculations could also be done to give readers a feel for the amount of energy generated.
b) A description of half-life, the half-life/lives of an isotope/s relevant to the application, a graph of the decay curve, and an explanation of how the half life/lives of these isotopes are important to the application.
c) An explanation of chain reactions
d) How the bomb is triggered
e) The effects of the bomb
NUCLEAR WEAPONS – FUSION BOMBS
a) A calculation and explanation of the energy produced by the nuclear reaction using E= mc2, and what happens to this energy. The details of the calculation may be handed in with your notes if you don’t have enough space. Additional calculations could also be done to give readers a feel for the amount of energy generated.
b) A description of half-life, the half-life/lives of an isotope/s relevant to the application, a graph of the decay curve, and an explanation of how the half-life/lives of these isotopes are important to the application.
c) Explanation of why fusion reactions need high temperature and pressure
d) How the bomb is triggered
e) The effects of the bomb
SMOKE DETECTORS
a) A calculation and explanation of the kinetic/heat/light energy produced by the nuclear reaction using E= mc2. The details of the calculation may be handed in with your notes if you don’t have enough space.
b) A description of half-life, the half-life/lives of an isotope/s relevant to the application, a graph of the decay curve, and an explanation of how the half life/lives of these isotopes are important to the application.
c) A description of alpha, beta and gamma radiation. The relative penetrability and ionisation of alpha, beta, and gamma, and an explanation of why one type of radiation is used over the other types for this application.
d) How smoke triggers the alarm
MEDICAL TREATMENTS
a) A description of half-life, the half-life/lives of an isotope/s relevant to the application, a graph of the decay curve, and an explanation of why the half life/lives of these isotopes are important to the application.
b) A description of alpha, beta and gamma radiation. The relative penetrability and ionisation of alpha, beta, and gamma, and an explanation of why one type of radiation is used over the other types for this treatment.
c) How radiation gets into the patient, and how it kills the cancer cells.
d) A basic calculation.
How you will be marked:
The emphasis is on the application (the context), and the relevant atomic and nuclear physics being explained clearly. You are being marked separately for each standard and will receive a separate grade for each. Physics 2.2 is focused on the application. Physics 2.5 is focused on showing your understanding of atomic and nuclear physics concepts and how and why they are considered to be true. NB: You do not have to repeat yourself. Information used for one assessment can and will also be used for the other BUT be careful, as they also each have their own specific content. READ the instructions above, carefully.
A generic insight is here:
|
A |
M |
E |
|
Describes nuclear physics – most points covered accurately. AND Describes the application |
Explanation of how the application works using some aspects of nuclear physics |
Detailed explanation of how the application works, with the relevance of each aspect of nuclear physics (each bullet point) explained fully and clearly. |
Checklist:
□ Poster has been proofread.
□ Everything in the poster is your own words and your own diagrams (and you understand everything!)
□ Research notes handed in.
□ Bibliography handed in.
□ Photos have sources listed on the poster.
□ If you have handed in a physical poster, you will also need to email your teacher the text of the poster so that it can be checked for authenticity.
Resources to start you off:
www.atomicarchive.com/sciencemenu.shtml atomic archive also has videos of nuclear weapon tests.
Wikipedia (a reliable source for scientific information, but often too technical)
The NCEA L2 Physics textbook – general information and smoke detector information
Phet.colorado.edu There is a PowerPoint for nuclear weapons.
Getting data for your decay graphs:
You may find your isotope half-life on Wikipedia (search the isotope e.g. U235). If you are not sure what nuclei to choose, ask your teacher. Some topics have obvious choices, but the fission and fusion topics may not.
Data for your E=mc2 calculation:
Make sure you use your notes and practice calculations to help you do this.
Useful masses are:
Mass of an electron: 9.109383 × 10-31 kg;
Mass of a proton by itself: 1.67262158 × 10-27 kg; Mass of a neutron by itself: 1.67492735×10−27 kg
