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Middle ofSemester 1 – 2019

ECOS 3006

International Trade

PART A

1) In the Heckscher-Ohlin model, the capital-intensive industry

a.    always uses more labor than the labor-intensive industry.

b.   never uses more labor than the labor-intensive industry.

c.   uses less workers per unit of capital compared to labor-intensive industry for any given ratio of wages to the rental rate.

d.   none of the above.

2) Factor price insensitivity theorem predicts that when a capital-abundant country experiences migration

a.   relative factor prices will not change.

b.   the real wage will increase.

c.   the real rental rate will increase.

d.   none of the above.

Using the following information, answer questions 3)-5)

Labor Requirements to Produce One Unit

Home

Foreign

10

10


5

30

3) Choose the correct answer:

a.   Home has a comparative advantage in cloth.

b.   Foreign has a comparative advantage in cloth.

c.   Home has a comparative advantage in wheat.

d.   Home has a comparative advantage in both products.

4) If the world relative price of cloth (Pclothw / Pwheatw) equals 1/2

a.   both countries could benefit from trade with each other.

b.   neither country will want to export the good in which it enjoys comparative advantage.

c.   Home cannot benefit from trade.

d.   Foreign cannot benefit from trade.

5) Ifthe Domestic economy experienced a great improvement in production          technologies, so that the unit labor requirement for cloth was reduced to 5, then Home could gain from trade by

a.    exporting cloth.

b.   exporting wheat.

c.    exporting both and importing nothing.

d.   none of the above.

6) According to the Ricardian model, a country will have a comparative advantage in the product in which its

a.    labor productivity is relatively low.

b.   labor productivity is relatively high.

c.    labor mobility is relatively low.

d.   labor mobility is relatively high.

7) In the Heckscher-Ohlin model, if the price of the labor-intensive product rises, real wage will

a.   Increase

b.   Decrease.

c.   Does not change

d.   Decrease but less than rental rate

8) In the Heckscher-Ohlin model, if Japan has less land per worker, and Australia has more land per worker, then if trade were to open up between these two            countries,

a.   the real income of land owners in Australia would rise.

b.   the real income of labor in Australia would rise.

c.   the real income of labor in Japan would fall.

d.   the real income of landowners in Japan would rise.

9) If Japan has a comparative advantage in production of manufactured goods and    Australia has a comparative advantage in food production, then starting trade between these two countries will

a.    lead to perfect specialization with Japan alone producing manufacturing output.

b.   create a world relative price of food that is lower than that of Australia.

c.   raise the relative price of food in both countries.

d.   None of the above.

10) If Thailand receives an inflow of migrants, the specific-factors framework        suggests that capital owners in Thailand will _______ and workers in Thailand will

_______    .

11) If Cuba is not involved in trade, the figure implies that Cuba should  _______

when it is offered the opportunity to trade.

Cuba

World Trade Price Line

a.   specialize in the production of toasters and export bicycles

b.   specialize in the production of bicycles and import toasters

c.   remain self-sufficient, refusing to export or import

d.   specialize in the production of both goods

12) In this question the subscript (l) refers to lawnmowers, while the subscript (c) refers to clothes.

country

What is the no-trade relative price of clothes to lawnmowers in the Home country?

a.   1/60

b.   60/1 = 60

c.   ½

d.   2/1 = 2

13) The volume of US car imports is 3 trillion dollars and the volume of exports is 2 trillion. The index of intra-industry trade is then equal to

a.   0

b.   40%

c.   60%

d.   100%

14) Before trade, the wage-rental (w/r) ratio is lower in Pakistan than it is in the Philippines.  If the conditions of the Heckscher-Ohlin model of trade are met, a movement from no trade to free trade implies that

a.   Pakistan will export the labor-intensive good.

b.   The Philippines will export the labor-intensive good.

c.    The Philippines will export both labor- and capital-intensive good.

d.   It is not possible to determine the direction of trade without more information.

15) To measure U.S. Effective factor endowment in the case of workers, the appropriate measure is:

a.   (US Endowment of Labor Force)

b.   (US Endowment of Labor Force)*(US Labor Productivity)

c.    (US Endowment of Labor Force)/(Land Endowment)

d.   (US Endowment of Labor Force)/(Total Value of US non-Labor Endowments)

PART B

For questions 1-3 assume that Vietnam and the U.S. are engaged in trade in shoes and computers. Below is the table that represents marginal products of labor in both          countries and industries:

MPL

Shoes

Computers

USA

2

4

Vietman

1

1

Assume further that the U.S. economy is much larger than Vietnamese Economy

1.  (2 points) What will be autarky prices in the U.S. and Vietnam? Explain. Draw autarky PPF’s in both countries.

2.  (5 points) Given the assumption that the U.S. economy is much larger than the Vietnamese economy, what do you expect the world price will be in trade            equilibrium? Support your answer with the diagram of world export supply and   import demand for shoes.

3. (5 points)  Draw PPF diagrams for Vietnam and the U.S. Label production and        consumption points, export and import volumes. Assume that shoes are on the vertical axis and computers are on the horizontal one.

For questions 4 and 5 assume that Czech Republic produces two goods: cars that      require labor and specific input capital and beer that requires labor and specific input land.

4.  (4 points) Assume that the world price of beer increases. What will happen to         employment and output in both sectors in the short run? What will be the effect on     nominal and real wages and rental rates? Support your arguments with a box diagram.

5.  (4 points) Now assume that the world price of beer has not changed and instead     this industry experienced a technological breakthrough – invention of microbreweries that dramatically decreased costs of production of craft beer. Show again what will be the effect on output, employment, wages and rental rates and support your answer      with a box diagram. How is your answer different from what you had in question 4?