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PRINCIPLES OF FINANCE

BUST08003

QUESTION 1

The equity beta of Hubbard Plc. is 1.5. Investors expect that Hubbard Plc. will pay all of its  earnings out as a  cash dividend  of £3.25/share  next year. Moreover, investors believe that the company will maintain this policy in the foreseeable future. The risk-free rate of return is 2% per year. The market portfolio tends to increase by 35% when the economy is strong and decline by 25% when the economy is weak. The economy is equally likely to be strong or weak. The returns on the stock of Hubbard Plc. have a standard deviation of 44% per year.

(a) What should be the current share price of the company?

[10 marks]

(b) Suppose that an investor decides to form a portfolio, such that he invests half of his money in the stock of Hubbard Plc., 30% of his money in the risk-free asset, and the remaining in the stock of Madison Plc.. Madison’s cost of equity capital is 8%. The returns on the stock of Hubbard Plc. have a standard deviation of 31% per year. The covariance between Hubbard and Madison is 12%. Compute the expected return of the portfolio and the standard deviation of portfolio returns.

[10 marks]

(c) Suppose an investor owns some shares of Hubbard Plc.. Use your OWN illustrative and numerical example to explain how the investor can use option  contracts  to  protect  the  value  of  his  shareholding.  (Note:  The examples from textbooks, lecture slides, tutorials or internet sources are not acceptable.)

(d) Explain   three   stock   valuation   methods   and   critically advantages and the limitations of each method.

[20 marks] discuss   the

[60 marks]

[Total – 100 marks]

QUESTION 2

Rustic Welt Inc. has 15 million shares outstanding trading for $12 per share. The equity beta is 1.7. In addition, Unida has $120 million outstanding bonds. These bonds are 3-year bonds with a 4% coupon rate and semiannual coupons. The bonds are trading at the price of $966 per $1,000 face value. The default rate of these bonds is 2.1%. The bondholders’ expected loss rate in the event of default is 56%. The risk-free rate is 2% and the market risk premium is 6.7 %. The tax rate is 30%.

(a) Calculate Rustic Welts weighted average cost of capital.

[20 marks]

(b) Suppose Rustic Welt Inc. is reviewing the capital structure and the payout policy of the company. Critically discuss the considerations to which you would advise the company to give thought when it consider adjusting its capital structure and payout policy. You can use relevant theories to support your discussion.

[80 marks]

[Total – 100 marks]

QUESTION 3

Hayden Inc. is evaluating four investment projects. Project A will require a $90 million upfront investment and will generate $30 million, $42 million, $46 million, $50 million net cash inflows in the first, second, third year and fourth year, respectively. Project B will require a $90 million upfront investment and will generate $36 million net cash inflows each year for the next 4 years. Project C will require a $60 million upfront investment and will generate $17 million net cash inflows each year for the next 6 years. And Project D will require a $100 million upfront investment and will generate $23 million net cash inflows each year for the next 10 years. Hayden Inc. has a total capital budget of $250 million. The cost of capital for all of the projects is 10%.

(a)  Which project(s) should Hayden Inc. invest in?

[20 marks]

(b)   Suppose the residual earnings of Hayden Inc. are not sufficient to cover the investments required by the projects, and the company will need to use   the   external   financing.   Critically   discuss   the   fundamental considerations  that  managers  should  be  concerned with  when  they choose between debt and equity finance.

[40 marks]

(c)  Critically discuss the arguments for and against the use of the Internal Rate of Return as project appraisal method. You can use your OWN illustrative or numerical example to support your discussion. (Note: The examples from textbooks, lecture slides, tutorials, or internet sources are not acceptable.)

[40 marks] [Total – 100 marks]