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ELEC2133: Analogue Electronics

FINAL EXAMINATION

Term 2, 2019

QUESTION 1 [20 Marks]

Two amplifier circuits with CE and CC-CE configurations are shown in fig. 1(a) and (b), respectively.  The  parameters  for  the  transistors  in  the  circuits  are  provided  in  the information sheet on pages 2 and 3. Note that the bias details are not shown.

0.1mA

 Vo

  CL=1pF

Vs

(a)


0.1mA

 Vo

  CL=1pF 

0.1mA

 

(b)

Fig. 1: (a) CE amplifier (b) CC-CE cascade amplifier

(a) Calculate the input resistance, Rin, for CE and CC-CE amplifiers.

(b) Determine the midband gains for both amplifiers.

[6 marks] [8 marks]

(c) How do you compare the two amplifiers in terms of gain-bandwidth product? Note that the bandwidth for each amplifier is the upper 3-dB frequency, fH . If you do not wish to calculate the upper 3-dB frequencies for the amplifiers, then you will need to justify your response with short explanation.

[6 marks]

QUESTION 2 [40 Marks]

(a) Compare the stability behaviours of a single pole, double pole, and three pole systems with negative feedback. You may use root locus or Bode plot to support your explanation.

[6 marks]

(b) With the aid of a diagram, explain base-width modulation characteristic of a BJT and its implication in the small signal model of the transistor.   What is responsible for similar behaviour in MOSFET?

[6 marks]

(c) Explain briefly the following terms used to describe the performance of analogue-to- digital converters.

i.      Differential non-linearity error                                          [2 marks]

ii.      Missing code                                                                      [2 marks]

(d) A monostable multivibrator circuit is shown in fig. 2(a). The circuit can be triggered by applying a narrow positive input pulse of height greater than Vref. For normal operation, C1R1<< CR. The saturation voltages of the op-amp are VL and –VL .

VB

Trigger

C1

Vo

VA

C

R

 

Fig. 2(a): Monostable multivibrator

 

i.      In stable state, what are the values of Vo, VA, and VB?        [3 marks]

ii.      Show the resulting waveforms of Vo and VA after triggered.

[5 marks]

iii.      Show that the pulse generated at the output will have a width T given by

T = CRln ()                                                            [8 marks]

(e) The ladder type of Digital-to-Analogue converter (DAC) is shown in fig. 2(b). The blocks labelled Si represents a switch that connects to Vref when the bit ai=1 and ground when the bit ai=0. Derive an explicit expression for the output voltage Vo in terms of ai

of the binary word.                                                                         [8 marks]

 

Fig. 2(b):  Ladder type DAC

QUESTION 3 [40 Marks]

Fig. 3 is a three  stage amplifier with feedback utilizing MOSFETs. All the three MOSFETs are biased and sized to operate at gm = 4mA/V. You may use the small signal model parameters provided in the information sheet on page 2-3. Furthermore, you may assume the source Vs has no dc signal component.

 

Fig. 3: Three stage amplifier with feedback

(a) Identify the type of feedback topology employed in the amplifier of fig. 3 assuming the amplifier is a trans-conductance amplifier with output current Io .

[5 marks] (b) Find the value of RF that results in a closed loop trans-conductance (Io/Vs) of

approximately 100mA/V.  {you may assume the open loop gain to be large}

[8 marks]

(c) Draw the open loop amplifier circuit taking into account the loading effect of the feedback network.

[6 marks]

(d) Hence, calculate the mid-band open loop gain of the amplifier.

[8 marks]

(e) Determine the closed loop trans-conductance gain (Io/Vs) of the amplifier.

[4 marks] (f)  Calculate the output resistance, Rout1, of the closed loop amplifier at mid-band.

[4 marks] (g) Now assume the output is Vo, what will be the type of feedback topology employed in

the amplifier? Identify the associated feedback network.                                [5 marks]