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FINAL EXAMINATIONSEMESTER 1, 2021 (SAMPLE)

FNCE30006

ENTREPRENEURIAL FINANCE

QUESTIONS

THEME 1:  INTRODUCTION AND

FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF STRATEGIC PLANNING (15 marks)

Question 1.1

Which four factors should an entrepreneur consider when choosing a venture capitalist?

Suitability of investment stage; VC's industry; VC & E's geographic location; investment horizon

(4 marks)

Question 1.2

“Due diligence is a two-way street.” Discuss the statement in the context of a new venture

when an entrepreneur is seeking an investor.

Assembly and verification of information wrt to investment decision; VC assesses E's & background; E assesses VC's expertise, liquidity & treatment of other Es

(6 marks)

Question 1.3

Why is the use of milestone financing” beneficial to the entrepreneur as well as the outside investors?

A wait a see approach before offering additional financing; typically improves E's ownership over longer term; early exit option of VC

(5 marks)

THEME 2:  FINANCIAL FORECASTING AND ASSESSING

FINANCIAL NEEDS (15 marks)

Question 2.1

How can simulation improve the assessment of financial requirements?

A method to deal with the high level of uncertainty; allows for the incorporation of distributional assumptions

(3 marks)

Question 2.2

How can the financial projections in the business plan be used to help negotiate the terms for

outside financing?

Likely disagreement b/w E and INV about potential success & risks; use contingent contracting; link terms to future financing rounds

(4 marks)

Question 2.3

It is important for the entrepreneur to assess the financing implications if the venture grows

at a different rate than expected” .  Explain the statement.

Convert statement into a "why" question; speed of growth is correlated with funding needs

(8 marks)

THEME 3:  VALUATION (40 marks)

Question 3.1 (15 marks)

Dr Jenny Ling currently earns $110,000 per year. She is considering participating in the new biotech venture BIOQUANT Ltd. in Parkville. To proceed, she must resign from her current job with BIG ASSET MANAGEMENT Ltd. and commit to the new venture for three years. During that time, she expects to receive a salary of $60,000 per year. If the venture fails, she can return to her current line of work but expects that her salary will drop to $90,000. In either case, her earnings in alternative employment are expected to grow at a rate of 5 percent per year. Her remaining work life is 20 years. She believes it is appropriate to value future earnings using a discount rate of 15 percent. She also has $150,000 of equity in her house in Port  Melbourne  and  will  use  the  equity  to  secure  a  loan  of that  amount  to  invest  in BIOQUANT. Finally, Jenny Ling has retirement savings invested in a market portfolio of $400,000 that she is unable to use in the new venture. (Note: cash flows occur at end of year.)

A.  What is the present value of Jenny Ling’s human capital?

A. $921,671

(3 marks)

B.  What is the present value of human capital (net of expected compensation) she would

need to commit to BIOQUANT?

B. $318,952

(6 marks)

C.  What fraction of her total wealth would Jenny Ling commit to BIOQUANT?

 C. 31.87%

(6 marks)

Question 3.2

Briefly explain why or why not you would calculate the terminal value of net operating

losses when using the adjusted present value method (APV).

Would not calculate a TV b/c net operating losses occur over a finite horizon (venture could also go bankrupt); in contrast to tax shields of debt

(5 marks)

Question 3.3 (20 marks)

Consider a venture that requires $2 million, including $1.7 million in cash and $300,000 of human capital.   An investor proposes to provide all $1.7 million of the cash in exchange for convertible preferred stock with a liquidation preference.   The liquidation preference would pay the investor 3 times (“3X”) her initial investment at harvest, so for each dollar she invested, she would be entitled to receive  three  dollars  before  any  returns  would  go  to  the  entrepreneur.    The  preferred  stock  is convertible to 20 percent of common equity.   At the time of harvest, the investor can choose to receive either three times her initial investment (in cash) or 20 percent of equity (which she sells for cash), whichever is greater.  However, if the venture does not do well, she cannot receive more than 100 percent of the total harvest value of the venture.   To evaluate the proposed contract, you have constructed the following table, which sets out the likely scenarios of total harvest value, and their probabilities of occurring.

Scenarios

Probability

Total Harvest Value

Scenario 1

10%

$40,000,000

Scenario 2

15%

$20,000,000

Scenario 3

20%

$10,000,000

Scenario 4

25%

$4,000,000

Scenario 5

30%

$0

The risk-free rate is 4 percent, the market rate is 9 percent, the annualised standard deviation of the market is  14 percent. Assume that the correlation between market returns and any financial claims on the venture is 0.3.

A.  Use the scenario data and contract terms to compute the expected cash flow and cash

flow standard deviation of the financial claims of the investor and the entrepreneur.

Expected values: $3,585,000; Std. Dev. $2,579,007; Expected project CF: $10m, $3.585m, $6.415m; Project Std. Dev. CF: $12m, $2.579m, $9.967m

(10 marks)

B.  Suppose you have already calculated the following numbers for Part A of this question.

Market Information

Annual           Holding Period

Risk-free Rate

4.00%                      16.99%

Market Rate

9.00%                      41.16%

Market Risk Premium

Market Variance

Market Standard Deviation Correlation

24.17% 7.84%

28.00%

 

Cash Flow to Entrepreneur

Entrepreneur's Investment   Expected Project Cash Flow Project Standard Deviation

$300,000

Use the above values in the table to (1) obtain the CAPM market value estimate and to (2)  value  the  entrepreneur’s  financial  claim  (CAPM  private  value  estimate partial commitment).

 E's PV = -$1.371m

(10 marks)