Hello, dear friend, you can consult us at any time if you have any questions, add WeChat: daixieit

CMPEN 331  Computer Organization and Design,

Chapter 1 Review Questions

Solve the following problems from the text book :

1-  List and briefly define one of the techniques used in contemporary processors to increased speed.

Pipelining: The execution of an instruction involves multiple stages of operation, including fetching the instruction, decoding the opcode, fetching operands, performing a calculation, and so on.

2-  Briefly characterize Amdahls law.

Amdahl's law deals with the potential speedup of a program using multiple processors compared to a single processor. The law indicates the amount of speedup as a function of the fraction of code that can be             executed in parallel.

3-  List the desirable characteristics of a bench mark program.

a.   It is written in a high-level language, making it portable across different machines.

b.   It is representative of a particular kind of programming domain or paradigm, such as systems programming, numerical programming, or commercial programming.

c.   It can be measured easily.

d.   It has wide distribution.

4-  What are the SPEC benchmarks?

This is a collection of benchmark suites is defined and maintained by the Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC).

5-   Consider two different machines, with two different instruction sets, both of which have a clock rate of

200 MHz. The following measurements are recorded on the two machines running a given set of bench mark programs.

Instruction type

Instruction Count (millions)

Cycles per Instruction

Machine A

ALU

Load and store

Branch

Others

 

8

4

2

4

 

1

3

4

3

Machine B

ALU

Load and store

Branch

Others

 

10

8

2

4

 

1

2

4

3

a)    Determine the effective CPI, MIPS rate, and execution time for each machine.

b)    Comment on the result.

a)

 

b)  Although machine B has a higher MIPS than machine A, it requires a

longer CPU time to execute the same set of benchmark programs.