ECOM032 ECONOMETRICS B 19/20
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Main Examination Period 19/20
ECOM032 ECONOMETRICS B
Question 1
Consider n independent and identically distributed observations Xi. It is assumed that one of the two following hypotheses is true: under H0, the common distribution of the Xi is a normal distribution with unknown mean µ0 and variance σ0(2), denoted N╱µ0 , σ0(2)、, while under H1 the observations are not normal but have finite moments up to order 6. In what follows, θ = ╱µ, σ2、| with θ0 = ╱µ0 , σ0(2)、| , and
n
i=1
n
i=1
n
i=1
Consider a sequence
Ω of symmetric nonnegative 3 x3 matrices,
(θ) = (
1 (θ) ,
2 (θ) ,
3 (θ))| and
GMM = arg min
(θ)|
(θ)
θ
a) Suppose that H0 is true.
i) Show that the maximum likelihood estimator ML = ╱
,
2、with
=
) Xi ,
2 =
) (Xi -
)2 ,
is the unique solution to the two equations 1 (θ) = 0,
2 (θ) = 0.
[4 marks]
ii) Show that GMM =
ML when
= ↓ 0(1) 1(0) ! 0 0
0(0) !
0 ! .
[6 marks]
b) Suppose that H0 is true.
i) Show that, under H0 , 匝 [3 (θ0 )] = 0.
[2 marks]
ii) Show that ,n (θ0 ) converges in distribution to a normal variable with a mean and variance to be given. Briefly recall why it implies that ,n ╱
GMM - θ0 ← converges in distribution to a normal with mean 0 and variance V (Ω) (do not attempt to give a closed form expression for V (Ω)).
[5 marks]
iii) Compare the matrix V (Ω) with the inverse of the matrix I (θ0 )
defined as follows
I (θ0 ) = ┌ |
|
┐ . |
[5 marks]
iv) Describe two choices of GMM weight matrix 丰
Ω 丰 ensuring that V (Ω 丰 ) = I (θ0 )|1 (do not attempt giving explict expressions of the proposed
丰 ).
[5 marks]
c) What are the relative merits of ML and
GMM under H0?
[5 marks]
d) Give the test statistic, its null limit distribution and the rejection region of the overidentification test of H0 against H1 based on the moments (θ).
[8 marks]
e) Is the test in part (d) consistent against all the alternatives in H1?
[10 marks]
Question 2
You are interested in the impact of the time spent on education Zi on the log wage wit of individual i = 1, . . . , N over time t = 1, . . . , T. You observe also a 1 x 1 control variable Xit which varies across i and t. It is assumed that
wit = γ0Zi(|) + β0Xit + ui + εit , 匝 [εit] = 0, Var (εit) = σε(2) ,
Cov (εi, Xit) = Cov (εi, Zi) = 0,
for some centered random variable ui possibly correlated with Zi but not with Xit .
a) Why, in this setup, ui be correlated with Zi?
[5 marks]
b) Show that γ0 and β0 are a solution to the system
匝 [(wit - γZi - βXit) Xit] = 0,
匝 ┌(wit - γZi - βXit) Xi┐ = 0,
where Xi = (
Xit .
[5 marks]
c) Let (γ, β) = [
1 (γ, β) ,
2 (γ, β)]| where
1 (γ, β) =
2 (γ, β) =
N T
) ) (wit - γZi - βXit) Xit ,
i=1 t=1
N T
) ) (wit - γZi - βXit) Xi .
i=1 t=1
Define the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) estimator of γ0 and β0 based on the two moment conditions in Question b. Is it necessary to weight the moment conditions with a general weighting matrix Ω?
[10 marks]
d) Assume the Xit’s are iid and independent of the error terms. Compute the variance matrix of ,N(γ0 , β0 ). Why is this variance impor- tant?
[10 marks]
e) Compute the matrix
= ┌
∂1 (γ,β)
∂γ
∂2 (γ,β)
∂γ
∂1 (γ,β)
∂β
∂2 (γ,β)
∂β
┐ .
Does this matrix depend upon γ and β?
[5 marks]
f) Define
G = - – 匝(匝) (Xi(X)¥T)
匝2(匝)
『 .
Show that converges to G in probability when N diverges and T is fixed, under some conditions to be stated. Show that G has an inverse if T 2 2, Var (Xit)
0 and 匝 [ZiXit]
0. Interpret the condition 匝 [ZiXit]
0.
[8 marks]
g) Suppose T 2 2, Var (Xit) 0 and 匝 [ZiXit]
0. What is the asymptotic distribution of the GMM estimator introduced in Question c when N diverges and T is fixed? Do not attempt to establish this limit distribution but use a result discussed in class.
[7 marks]
2022-05-11