ECF1100 Mid Semester test – Practice questions Semester 1 2022
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ECF1100 Mid Semester test – Practice questions Semester 1 2022
1 Given the limited resources, the best choice in taking an action takes into account:
a only benefits of making that choice.
b the least possible cost of making that choice.
c the scarcity of resources.
d both benefits and cost of making that choice.
e what gives the greatest pleasure.
2 Dr Smith makes around $200,000 per year and lives in town, close to his medical practice. Allen works as dishwasher in a restaurant next to Dr Smith’s office, where he makes $13 per hour. Allen has to drive two hours every day to get to work, but lives in a much nicer neighbourhood than Dr Smith, who earns much more than
Allen. The most likely explanation for this is that:
a Allen doesn’t like Dr Smith.
b the opportunity cost of Dr Smith’s time is higher than that of Allen’s time. c the scarcity principle applies to Dr Smith, but does not apply to Allen. d the opportunity cost of Dr Smith’s time is lower than that of Allen’s time. e Allen loves to drive but Dr Smith doesn’t.
3 A cost that we cannot avoid whether or not an action is taken is called a(n): a opportunity cost.
b average cost.
c sunk cost.
d marginal cost.
e total cost of the action.
4 Matt delivers local newspapers eight hours a week. For every hour of newspaper delivery he receives $10 dollars. Recently he got an offer of pizza delivery which would pay $4 per pizza. Given his other weekly commitments, he only has eight hours a week. Using the cost-benefit principle, how many pizzas should he deliver per hour to take up the new job to get the same benefit as the delivery task?
a Matt shouldn’t deliver pizza at all for its health concern.
b Matt should deliver at least 2.5 pizzas per hour.
c Matt should deliver at least 10 pizzas per hour.
d Matt should deliver at least 20 pizzas per hour.
e Matt should flip a coin to decide.
5 Lauren is thinking about going to the cinema tonight to see the new Harry Potter film. A ticket costs $15 and she will have to cancel her dog-sitting job that pays $30. Her total cost of seeing the movie is:
a $15.
$30.
c $45.
d $45 minus the benefit of seeing the movie.
e indeterminate.
6 Amy has bought some land for $100,000 and is deciding to build a house this year. If she hires a building supervisor, it will cost her $20,000. But if she does the supervising herself, then she will have to give up half of her work time, for which she is paid an annual salary of $40,000. Based on this information, which of the following is true?
a She will hire a building supervisor.
b She will supervise the building herself.
c Amy’s cost of building the house will be the same even if she supervises the
building herself.
d Amy’s opportunity cost of hiring a supervisor is the same as not hiring a
supervisor.
e Any of the given alternatives.
7 To say that a country possesses an absolute advantage means that: a it is endowed with more natural resources than another country.
b it is more efficient at producing some but not all goods and services than
another country.
c it is more efficient at producing all goods and services than another country. d there are no gains to specialisation for this country.
e it has a comparative advantage in the production of all goods and services.
8 Suppose Ben and Sally are the only labourers and they can produce either good A or good B. If Ben has a comparative advantage in producing good A, then we can infer that:
a Ben should divide his time equally between producing goods A and B. b Sally should divide her time equally between producing goods A and B. c Ben should specialise in producing good B.
d Sally should specialise in producing good B.
e Ben and Sally should both produce some good A and some good B.
9 The production possibilities curve shows:
a the relationship between inputs and output.
b the minimum production of one good for every possible production level of the other good.
c how increasing the input for one good increases the production of the other good.
d the maximum production of one good for every possible production level of the other good.
e how increasing the production of one good allows production of the other good to also rise.
10 The following figure is Amanda’s production possibilities curve for cake and pie.
Of the labelled points, ______________ are efficient.
a only p and q
b onlyj, l and r
c only q,j, k, l, m, n, r and p
d onlyj, k, l, m, n, r and p
e onlyj, k, l, m, n and r
11 Consider the following table, which shows the number of hours each person needs to make a pair of shoes or a pair of pants:
Jenny’s and Craig’s opportunity costs of producing an extra pair of pants are ____________ and ____________ pairs of shoes respectively.
a b |
.67, 1.33 1, 2 |
c d |
1.5, 1.33 2, 1.5. |
e |
2.5, 1.33 |
12 Consider the following table, which shows the number of hours each person needs to make a pair of shoes or a pair of pants:
The comparative advantage for shoes belongs to ____________ and the comparative advantage for pants belongs to ____________.
a Craig; Jenny
b Craig; Craig
c Jenny; Craig
d Jenny; Jenny
e insufficient information to say
13 The slope of any production possibilities curve is ___________ because
___________ .
a negative; production of one of the two goods is always insufficient b negative; to produce more of one good means less production of the other c constant; the trade-off in production never changes
d positive; to produce more of one good means more production of the other e positive; to produce more of one good means less production of the other
14 The buyer’s reservation price of a particular good or service is the:
a minimum amount one would be willing to pay for it. b same as the market price.
c maximum amount one would be willing to pay for it.
d price at which one develops reservations about its quality.
e price one must pay to ensure one gets it.
15 Which one of the following determinants will cause movements along the supply curve of good X?
b The price of labour used in the production of good X
c The amount of technology used in the production good X
d The cost of the plant used to produce good X
e The price of fuel used in the production of good X
16 Consider the following graph:
At a price of $9, the market will experience ___________ in the amount of
___________ units.
a excess demand, one
b excess supply, six
c equilibrium, four
d excess demand, five
e excess supply, five
17 ‘As the price of personal computers continues to fall, demand increases. ’ This
headline is inaccurate because:
a a change in the price of personal computers shifts the demand curve. b a change in the price of personal computers shifts the supply curve. c the statement is backwards: increased demand leads to lower prices. d falling prices for personal computers increases quantity demanded, not
demand.
e falling prices for personal computers increases quantity supplied.
18 An increase in the price of DVD players can be caused by a An increase in the price of DVDs
b A decrease in the wage rate for the workers hired by the manufacturers of
DVD players
c A decrease in the subscription fees for cable TV services
d Some manufacturers of DVD players exiting the industry
e A decrease in the price of movie tickets
19 The market demand for premium wine is downward sloping and the market supply of premium wine is upward sloping. If the price of premium wine has remained the same while the quantity purchased has increased, then we can deduce that a Both the demand and supply have increased
b The demand has increased and the supply has decreased
c The demand has increased and the supply has not changed
d Both the demand and supply have decreased
e The demand has decreased and the supply has increase
20 The equilibrium price of rental houses has increased by 20 per cent during the last two years. Which of the following is NOT a cause for the increase in price?
a Government imposed a new legislation that all rental house owners will have
to do a police check for their tenants.
b The advertising fee has increased.
c There is an increase in overseas students in the town.
d There has been an increase in investment properties due to a decrease in the
interest rate.
e The cost of building materials has increased.
21 In a market where government has set the price below the equilibrium price, one might expect:
a quantity demanded to equal quantity supplied.
b excess supply.
c a black market to develop as individuals try to take advantage of unexploited
opportunities.
d quantity supplied to surpass quantity demanded.
e suppliers and demanders are content.
22 If the price of cheese falls by one percent and the quantity demanded rises by three percent, then the price elasticity of demand for cheese has a value of:
a .03.
.30.
c 3.
30.
e .333.
23 When the price of cars is $15,000 each, 11,000 cars are sold every month. When the price increased to $16,500 each, 10,000 cars are sold every month. At the original price, what is the price elasticity of demand for cars?
a 1.5
1
c 0.75
0.67
e none of the given alternatives
24 If the slope of the demand curve is –2, price is $5 and quantity demanded is 10 units, then the price elasticity of demand is:
a 0.25
b
c 1
d
e 4
25 At point A of the following demand curve, demand is:
a inelastic.
b elastic.
c unitary elastic.
d perfectly elastic.
e perfectly inelastic.
26 If an increase in the demand for a good resulted in an increase in its price but no
change in the quantity exchanged, then
a the demand is perfectly inelastic
b the demand is unit elastic
c the demand is perfectly elastic
d the supply is perfectly inelastic
e the supply is perfectly elastic
27 On most normal weekends, Spirit of Melbourne charges only half the normal price for a one-way trip from Melbourne to Devonport. This usually attracts double the passengers compared to weekdays. On holiday weekends, however, the half-price fare only attracts 10 per cent more passengers. From this information we can say that, compared to holiday weekends, the demand for the trip on normal weekends is:
a less elastic.
b more elastic.
c unitary elastic.
d perfectly elastic.
e perfectly inelastic.
28 Consider the following graph.
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
P
D1
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Q
Consumer expenditure will be _________ for D1 and _________ for D2 if the price changes from $8 to $4.
a higher, lower
b higher, higher
c lower, lower
d lower, higher
e same, same
29 When the price of chips fell by 6 percent, the demand for fish increased by 3 percent. From this, we can tell that the cross price elasticity of demand for fish with respect to chips is
a -2
2
c -0.5
0.5
e none of the above
30 When the price of petrol increased by $0.10 per litre, the demand for petrol increased by 15,000 litres per week. From this we can conclude that
a the demand for petrol is elastic
b the demand for petrol is inelastic
c the demand for petrol is perfectly elastic
d the law of demand does not hold for petrol
e there is not enough information to tell the size of price elasticity
31 According to a newspaper article, “A number of mass transit systems have been experiencing declining revenues despite fare increases” . Assuming that the demand for mass transit system has not changed (i.e., the demand curve has not shifted), the above statement implies that
a mass transit is an inferior good
b the demand for mass transit is elastic
c revenues would have risen if fares have been increased more d cost of providing mass transit services has increased e none of the above
32 Which of the following statements is not an example of the law of demand? a ‘I think I’ll wait to leave for work at 9:30 a.m. so that traffic is not so heavy. ’
b ‘The local record store has all their CDs on sale; I’m going to buy some right
now. ’
c ‘With unemployment so high, I can’t find a job. I think I’ll enrol at the local
college. ’
d ‘The increase in apartment rents is causing me to consider renting out our
spare bedroom. ’
e ‘The Internet has increased the amount of information I collect before making
a purchase. ’
2022-04-06