PHY493/803, Intro to Elementary Particle Physics Homework 7
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PHY493/803, Intro to Elementary Particle Physics
Homework 7
Please clearly state any assumptions, show all your work, number the equations, and indicate logical connections between the lines.
(4 x 20pts = 80 pts total)
In the CHOOZ experiment (see http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ex/0301017 for more
information) a neutrino detector was positioned a distance L » 1 km from a
nuclear reactor emitting antineutrinos of mean energy E » 3 MeV. The number of
antineutrino interactions observed was consistent with the number predicted
assuming no antineutrino oscillations, giving the ratio of observed over predicted
events as
= 1.01 ± 0.04 (the uncertainty is reported at the 68% Confidence
Level). This ratio is interpreted as the survival probability
(
̅! →
! ), which
cannot be larger than one, and thus leads to a lower bound on the survival
probability of 0.92 (the upper bound is 1). Consider 2-flavor neutrino oscillations.
1. In the limit |∆
" | ≫ (
/
), draw a sketch of sin"( 1.27 Δ
"
/
) as a
function of L in the volume of the detector for a fixed energy E. , i.e.
draw the sin2 function from L to L+ΔL, where ΔL is the length of the
detector.
2. In the same limit |∆
"| ≫ (
/
), show that a measurement of the
survival probability
#$%& =
(
! →
! ) determines the neutrino mixing
angle to be sin" 2
= 2 ( 1 −
#$%& ) .
Also compute the value of sin" 2
for the parameters given. Use the lower limit of 0.92 for the survival probability (i.e.
#$%& = 0.92).
3. In the other limit, when |∆
"| ≪ (
/
), you can use the small angle
approximation (sinΔ = Δ ). Show that a given measurement of the
survival probability
#$%& =
(
! →
! ) determines the neutrino mixing
to be sin" 2
=
A
B", with a constant of proportionality
= ( 1 −
#$%& )(
/ 1.27
)" .
4. The Null result from the CHOOZ experiment,
= 1.01 ± 0.04, can be
used to exclude a region of the (sin" 2
, ∆
") parameter space. This is
conventionally presented as the region which can be excluded at the
90% Confidence Level, which for the CHOOZ experiment encompasses
all values of (sin" 2
'*, ∆
* ) that would give a survival probability
(
! →
! ) < 0.92 . In the figure given below, published by the CHOOZ
collaboration, the curves correspond to the contour
(
! →
̅! ) = 0.92
and the excluded region lies above and to the right of the curves. The
two similar curves correspond to slightly different statistical approaches
to the analysis of the data.
The measured values for these oscillation parameters are sin" 2
= 0. 1 and Δ
" =2.4E-3 eV (as measured by Double-CHOOZ, Daya-Bay and RENO).
a) What is the oscillation probability for these parameters?
b) Is the point corresponding to these two values in the allowed or the excluded region in the plot?
2022-03-28