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STAT6077 Key Topics in Social Science: Measurement and Data

Semester 2, 2021/2022

Assignment: STAT6077 Key Topics in Social Science: Measurement and Data

TASK 1: POVERTY AND INEQUALITY

In this task you will use data from the 2006/07 Family Resource Survey (FRS_0607.dta). The data  contain  observations  from  49,279  individuals  (adults  and  children)  living  in  21,187 households in the UK.  Note that, since weights are not included in the dataset, you do not need to use weights for this task.  The table below provides a list of variables.

Analysis of FRS data (Note: please provide your Stata do-file in the Appendix.)

Variable

name

Description

sernum

Unique household identification number

indinc

Individual income gross

nindinc

Individual income net

age80

Age (all adults aged 80 over are coded as 80)

famsize

Number of individuals in household

empstati

ILO employment status variable

By analysing this dataset, answer the following questions:

a)   How does the choice of gross or net household income influence our estimate of

the  percentage  of  the  population  that  are  ‘poor’?  To  answer  this  question, calculate the percentage poor for gross and net household income separately and then compare the results. For each income type, use three relative poverty lines:

40%, 50% and 60% of the median household income. [14]

b)   How does the composition of the poor (focusing on children and the elderly) vary according to the choice of equivalence scale?  To answer this question, compare the percentage of children (defined as under 18) and the percentage of the elderly (defined those aged 65 and older) among the poor. Use net household income, and  a  relative  poverty  line  that  is  40%  of  the  median.    Use  three  different equivalence scales of your choice. [8]

c)   Explain any assumptions that you are making in your analysis for a) and b). [3]

[TASK 1 total: 25]


TASK 2: EDUCATION

Task 2 asks you to analyse educational achievement data from PISA .

Analysis of PISA data (Note: please provide your Stata do-file in the Appendix.)

Your task is to examine the educational achievement of 15 year olds in Spain.  The data set is  called “PISA_2012_ESP”, a reduced version of the PISA 2012 data set.  See the following table for a description of the variables in the data:

Variable name

Description

country

=ESP for Spain

schoolid

Unique school identifier and Primary Sampling Unit

stidstd

Unique student identifier

w_fstuwt

Student weight variable please use for all the calculations

immig

Immigration status

st04q01

Gender

hisei

Ganzeboom index, continuous variable. Higher values indicate higher parental occupational status

hisced

Highest educational level of parents

math

PISA achievement score (mean of the 5 plausible values) this is your dependent variable

a)   Estimate the population mean and population standard deviation of math and of hisei. [2]

b)   Use regression to describe the relationship between PISA math achievement and three variables: hisei, immig and hisced

•    First consider each of these three variables separately, in three different regression models.

•    Then, in a fourth regression model, include each of these three variables together in the same model.

Present the results of the four models in one single table that includes all important information in a way that results of the regressions can be easily compared.

[6]

c)   Interpret the results from your models in b).

[8]

[TASK 2 total: 16]


TASK 3: SOCIAL MOBILITY

Parts a)-c) do not require you to conduct your own data analysis but ask you to interpret existing analysis of Understanding Society data; part d) asks you to reflect on the literature on social mobility.

Interpretation of Understanding Society data Here we examine educational mobility, based on existing analysis of the Understanding Society (US) Wave 1 (2009) data set.  The following page contains a  log of Stata output from analysis of these  US data.   The data  relate to individuals aged 30 and over. The table below contains a description of the relevant variables.

Variable name

Description

a_hidp

household identifier

a_pno

person (individual) number

a_indinus_xw

weight

a_psu

Primary Sampling Unit

a_hiqual_dv

Highest qualification of individual (1- Degree; 2- Other higher; 3- A- level etc.; 4– GCSE etc.; 5- Other qualifications; 9 No qualifications)

a_paedqf

Report of father’s educational qualifications (1- he did not go to school at all; 2– he left school with no qualifications or certificates; 3- he left school with some qualifications or certificates; 4– he gained post-school qualifications (e.g. city & guilds) 5- he gained a university degree or higher; -9: missing).

a_panssec5_dv

Report of father’s occupation when individual was aged 14: NSSEC 5 categories (1-Management & professional; 2 Intermediate; 3 Small employers & own account; 4 lower supervisory & technical; 5 Semi-routine, routine & never worked or long-term unemployed)

a_sex

Individual’s gender: 1-male; 2-female

a_dvage

Individual’s age

Answer the following questions.

a) Interpret the results of the analysis on the following page. [6]

b) Describe the possible limitations of this empirical evidence as an assessment of educational mobility in the UK. [3]

c) Describe how you could conduct further analysis of this dataset to examine whether        there is evidence of changes in educational mobility over time. [3]