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BUSMGT 742

Mid-term Test 2019 Q2

BUSMGT 742

International Trade & Finance

 

Question 1 (7 marks)

Using a few paragraphs, including an example, briefly describe the economic theory used to explain the existence of international trade.

 

Question 2 (27 marks)

The company you work for has just executed a contract to sell a large shipment of goods to a customer in Los Angeles (USA). Revenue from the deal will total USD 2 million, payable in six months from now. Financial assumptions:

●    Current spot rate for NZD/USD = 1.4800

●   Expected change in the spot rate for NZD/USD over next six months = +3.0%

●    Six-month forward on the USD/NZD available at 0.6490

●   NZD interest rate is 3.0% (one year)

●   USD interest rate is 2.0% (one year)

●   Note: you are not an arbitrage trader!

a)    Using a short paragraph, briefly describe the three alternative methods you could utilise to manage the sales proceeds. (6 marks)

  

b)    Calculate the total NZD revenue of each of the three alternatives detailed in part a). Remember to show your calculations and clearly state your answers. (17 marks)

 

c)    Using a short paragraph, state your recommended method for this purchase, briefly explain the reason for your choice, and describe any associated risks. (4 marks)

 

Question 3 (7 marks)

Using a couple of paragraphs, briefly describe two arguments often cited against hedging foreign currency exposure.

 

Question 4 (8 marks)

Your firm plans to purchase raw materials from Morocco. The purchase will be priced in        Moroccan Dirham (MAD). You anticipate needing to pay MAD 10 million. To understand the value of this purchase, you have identified the following FX rates:

●   MAD/USD = 9.5946

●   NZD/GBP = 1.9823

●   USD/GBP = 1.3108

a)  Determine the MAD/NZD FX rate. Show your answer to four decimal points. Remember to show your calculations and clearly state your answer. (6 marks)

 

b)  Assuming the above FX rates, how many NZDs will you pay? Remember to show your calculations and clearly state your answer. (2 marks)

 

Question 5 (7 marks)

Your manager has asked you to explain how a commercial bank is able to provide a forward   foreign currency rate that is better than the foreign currency rate achieved using a money        market hedge. To answer this question, write an email to your manager to briefly explain your

answer.

 

Question 6 (10 marks)

Use the assumptions below to answer the following questions:

FX quotes:

Currency pair

Bid rate

Ask rate

THB/NZD

21.850

22.45

JPY/NZD

72.50

73.50

EUR/NZD

0.5920

0.6010

HKD/NZD

5.1830

5.2404

SGD/NZD

0.8950

0.9040

Current interest rates (per year):

●   NZD = 3.20%

●   THB = 1.00%

●   JPY = 0.05%

●   EUR = 0.50%

●   HKD = 2.25%

●   SGD = 1.05%

a)  How many NZDs will you receive when converting EUR 2 million? (3 marks)

 

b)  Using the mid-rate, what will be the six-month forward rate on the NZD/SGD (show workings and utilise 4 decimal points)? (5 marks)

 

c)   Calculate the forward premium or discount on the six-month NZD/SGD forward that was determined in b). (2 marks)

 

Question 7 (20 marks)

a)      Using a short paragraph, briefly describe the advantages and disadvantages of using a forward contract to speculate on foreign currency price movements. (5 marks)

 

b)      As a speculator, you believe the USD/NZD spot rate will move to around 0.7000. There are four options you could purchase, which are listed below. Which option would you purchase? Why?

1.   Put option on USD/NZD: strike price of USD 0.60 and a premium of USD 0.02   2.   Call option on AUD/NZD: strike price of AUD 0.92 and a premium of AUD 0.03 3.   Call option on USD/NZD: strike price of USD 0.65 and a premium of USD 0.02 4.   Put option on USD/GBP: strike price of USD 1.25 and a premium of USD 0.03   (3 marks)

 

c)      For the currency option you selected in part b), chart the expected net profit against various market spot rates (i.e., a payoff chart). (10 marks)

 

d)      What is the expected net profit from your speculative option purchase? Express your answer in currency units. (2 marks)

 

Question 8 (26 marks)

You work for a New Zealand based company that has executed a contract to sell products to a firm based in the USA. The contract will generate revenue of US$1,000,000 in six months     from now.

a)   Does this transaction create “exposure” or “risk” for your company? If so, what type of exposure is it? Please write a short paragraph to briefly explain. (4 marks)

 

b)   You have identified four possible strategies to deal with this FX exposure (see below). Chart the various payoffs for each of these alternatives.

●   Unhedged

●   6-month forward contract at NZD/USD = 1.5400

●   6-month money market hedge at NZD/USD = 1.5200

●   Put option on the USD with a strike price of NZD 1.5100 per USD and a

premium of NZD/USD = 0.0300

(16 marks)

 

c)   Next, research indicates the USD will depreciate. In addition, your firm views this sale as significant. Based on these further assumptions, select your preferred strategy from the four listed and analysed in part b). Write a short email to your manager to briefly   explain and justify your selection. (6 marks)

 

Question 9 (9 marks)

You are employed by a New Zealand firm that exports to European countries (i.e., long-term sales denominated in EUR). Write an email to your manager that details (a) the type of         exposure these sales create and (b) two strategies that would help to manage such exposure.

 

Question 10 (14 marks)

Your firm has a JPY payable due in 6 months from now. The key facts associated with this payable are as follows:

●   Amount of the receivable = JPY 50,000,000

●    Current spot rate (NZD/JPY) = 72.50

●   JPY loan interest rate for one year = 3.0%

●   JPY deposit interest rate for one year = 1.0%

●   Firm’s WACC = 10% per year

 

a)  Use the assumptions above to calculate the effective NZD/JPY rate for a money market hedge. Express your answer in NZD/JPY units (to two decimal places) and show your  workings. (10 marks)

 

b)  Using a short paragraph, briefly describe how a higher WACC would influence your preference between a money market hedge and forward contract hedge. (4 marks)

 

[Total 120 marks]