BMAN10501 FINANCIAL REPORTING 2021
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BMAN10501
FINANCIAL REPORTING
2021
SECTION A (compulsory)
Question 1 - Answer all parts of this question
The following information is taken from the accounting records of Moonbeam Limited, a retailer of second hand books, for the year ended 31st October 2020.
Trial Balance |
Dr £ |
Cr £ |
Called up Share Capital at £1 per share |
|
100,000 |
Retained Earnings at 31 October 2020 |
|
384,900 |
Land and Buildings - cost |
391,000 |
|
Land and Buildings – accumulated depreciation |
|
100,000 |
Motor Vehicles – cost |
60,000 |
|
Motor Vehicles – accumulated depreciation |
|
30,000 |
Inventories at 1 November 2019 |
88,000 |
|
Trade Receivables |
22,000 |
|
Trade Payables |
|
54,000 |
Sales Revenue |
|
520,100 |
Purchases |
365,000 |
|
Admin Expenses |
120,000 |
|
Tax Expense |
35,000 |
|
Cash |
108,000 |
|
|
1,189,000 |
1,189,000 |
Relevant Accounting Policies
Depreciation on Buildings is charged on a straight-line basis with a useful economic life of 30 years and charged annually.
Depreciation on Motor Vehicles is charged on a reducing balance method at a rate of 40% and charged annually.
A full year’s depreciation is charged in the year of acquisition , and no depreciation is charged in the year of disposal.
The period method of calculating costs of sales is used.
In addition, the following information is provided regarding matters which are not reflected in the above figures:
i. Moonbeam Limited bought a new van for £15,000 cash on 30 October 2020 to deliver books to customers.
ii. On 1 September 2020 Moonbeam Limited disposed of a car which was bought on 1 November 2018 for £12,000. The car was sold for £2,000 cash.
iii. After the year end it was discovered that £40,000 of expenses which had been included in the accounts for heating and lighting related to the period from 1 October 2020 to 31 January 2021. This error needs to be adjusted for in the accounts.
iv. Moonbeam Limited has been informed that an employee is launching a legal claim after falling off a ladder. Lawyers have been consulted and it is probable the claim will be successful. For this, Moonbeam Limited will need to pay out £20,000.
v. Following a physical stock count on 31st October 2020, the inventory at that date is valued at £120,000.
vi. In the year 100,000 new shares were issued at 20p above the £1 par value. Cash was received for the new shares.
Required
(a) On the first tab of the Excel template, explain the double-entry required for the adjustments (i) to (vi) above, include any assumptions and explain your calculations.
(12 marks)
(b) On the second tab of the Excel template, prepare accounting records to show the
effect of the information provided in points (i) to (vi) on the balances shown in the trial balance above.
You must use the Extended trial balance (Manchester) method to show the opening trial balance, the adjustments and then determine the adjusted figures.
(8 marks)
(c) On the third and fourth tab of the Excel template, complete the draft Income Statement and Balance Sheet for Moonbeam Limited at 31 October 2020 after the adjustments above have been recorded .
(10 marks)
(d) Explain which of the adjustments (i) to (vi) above would affect the cashflows for investing activities section of the cash flow statement and what the cash inflow or outflow would be. Assume Moonbeam Limited uses the indirect method to prepare their cashflow statement.
(5 marks)
(e) Explain the accruals principle in your own words and, where applicable, use the adjustments (i) to (vi) or other examples to illustrate your answer.
(5 marks) Total 40 marks
Question 2
(a) Spike Limited is a sportswear manufacturer. The company makes a high-end
range of sustainable sportswear products and this year launched a new product called “Fat Runners:” high performance running shoes whose soles are made from recycled cooking oil. Despite being only 5 years old, the company now has a well-recognised brand, a fact attributable to the quality of their products and a highly effective (although expensive) marketing campaign.
The following balances have been extracted from Spikes financial reports:
|
2019 |
2020 |
£000 |
£000 |
|
Revenue |
2,500 |
3,000 |
Costs of sales |
2,000 |
2,200 |
Operating profit |
340 |
430 |
Interest |
8 |
16 |
Tax |
3 |
4 |
Assess Spikes ability to generate profit, relative to its costs. Your analysis of Spikes profitability should be supported by specific ratios, along with your interpretation of those ratios. You should conclude by briefly identifying some
limitations of your assessment. (10 marks)
(b) Following a major strategic review, Spike is looking to diversify its product range
and is exploring two options. The first involves acquiring a sports drink company called Natural Boost. Natural Boost has assets valued at £4 million, but Spiked has been advised that they would need to pay £7 million to acquire the brand. The second involves investing in the plant and machinery to develop their own rival drink called Spiked Water. This option would require an initial investment of £5 million but the marketing team are confident that, building on the success of the Spike brand, Spiked Water would be worth £5 million within 3 years.
Drawing on your understanding of accounting for intangible assets, explain how you would account for “Natural Boost” and “Spiked Water”
(5 marks)
(c) Spike has been contemplating how to fund its strategy of diversification and has been exploring two options: borrowing from the bank and issuing shares. With reference to the financial information in (a) above, explain the different risks that Spike should consider when making this decision.
(4 marks)
(d) Referencing the information in (a)-(c) above, outline some of the key stakeholders to whom Spike is accountable and assess the extent to which current financial reports meet their information requirements.
(6 Marks) Total 25 marks
SECTION B
Question 3
“We live in an era where the interplay between state and corporate power shapes the reality of international relations more than ever…..states (are) using corporations to achieve geopolitical goals in an increasingly hostile environment, and powerful corporations (are) perhaps using more aggressive strategies to extract profits in response. ”
‘Who is more powerful – states or corporations?’ Babic, Heemskerk and Fichtner, The Conversation (2018).
Required:
a. Evaluate whether the four enhancing comparability, verifiability, timeliness and
qualitative characteristics of understandability can reduce
aggressive strategies aimed at maximising profits for organisations.
b. Financial reporting is considered to be crucial for holding companies accountable, in particular for accountability to shareholders. Explain why this is the case and evaluate how the role of financial reporting could be extended, given the increasing power of large corporations .
Total 35 Marks
Or
Question 4
“Last year was the worst for the High Street in more than 25 years as the coronavirus accelerated the move towards online shopping, analysts say. Nearly 180,000 retail jobs were lost in the UK in 2020, up by almost a quarter on the previous year, according to the Centre for Retail Research (CRR). It warned there will be more pain for the sector in 2021 as retailers face a cash flow crisis and rent payments.”
'Worst year for High Street job losses in 25 years' Joshua Haigh, (BBC Business News 2021)
Required:
a. With reference to specific accounting conventions, explain why and how accounting profit differs from cash and why this distinction is important for assessing the viability of a business.
b. Drawing on your understanding of ratio analysis, explain how you would evaluate the working capital of a high street retailer.
Total 35 Marks
2022-01-21