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INFO5992 Understanding IT
Innovations
Innovation Report

Rola Fanousse
Semester 2, 2021
The University of Sydney Page 2
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The University of Sydney Page 3
Individual Report
Announcement Date (Discussion) Monday Aug 30, 2021 (6:00PM)
Week 4
Upload Date Monday Aug 30, 2021 (8:00PM)
Week 4
Due Date Sunday Oct 24, 2021 (11:59 Sydney time)
Week 10
Week Assessed Week 1-9
Outcome Assessed LO1, LO2, LO3, LO4, LO5, LO6, LO7, LO8, LO9
Topics Assessed One or more of the following topics may be assessed:
• Importance of Innovation to a Country
• General Purpose Technologies
• Dynamics of IT Innovation
• Dominant Design
• Disruptive Innovation
• Innovator’s Dilemma
• Value Chain & Value Network
• Open Innovation & Distributed Innovation
• Customer Development Process
• Value Proposition Canvas
• Business Model Canvas
Weight 30%
Individual Assessment Yes
Format Report (PDF) – To be uploaded to Canvas
Description Student will select one technology (form a list), one industry (from a list) and two related real-world
companies, in which they would apply concepts and frameworks from week 1-3. More detail will be
available in a separate document.
Innovation Research Report
Individual Report
The University of Sydney Page 6
Instructions
– Select one technology from the list provided below.
– Select one industry from the list provided below
– Select two companies in your selected industry that have developed
and deployed the technology to the industry.
– You may choose companies at various stages: revenue-generating,
market-ready product, in-field/ lab prototype, or early-stage R&D.
– If you select companies that do not have customers, you may have
difficulties with Section 5 of the assignment where you have to build
a Business Model Canvas (eg you may not find evidence of the
customer segments which the company is targeting or planning to
target).
The University of Sydney Page 7
Innovation Report – Learning Objectives
– Research into an emerging technology
– Research into companies which are developing and/or deploying the
technology in the industry
– Application and critical analyses of innovation concepts for an emerging
technology
The University of Sydney Page 8
Report Structure – Total word limit of 3,000 words
Section
% of
marks
Requirements
Additional
information
Section 1
Technology
20%
• Define and describe your selected technology
• Assess the current and future development of the selected technology
• Discuss about how the technology is applied to your selected industry
Refer to the
instructions about how
you can select your
technology from a
predefined list.
Note that the total word
limit is 3,000 words,
excluding references
and charts.
Section 2
Importance to Australia
& Role of Government
15%
• Discuss about the actual and potential impact of the selected technology to Australia as a
country
• Discuss about the role of the Australian government in the development and
commercialization of the selected technology
Section 3
Diffusion of Innovation 15%
• Evaluate the rate of adoption of the selected technology
• Evaluate which stage the selected technology lies in the Technology Adoption Lifecycle Model
Section 4
Dominant Design
25%
• Define and describe a product category which is enabled by your selected technology
• Evaluate whether there is a dominant design for the product category.
o If there is a dominant design, describe the architecture which is adopted and another
architecture which was not adopted.
o If there is no dominant design, describe at least two architectures that are part of the
design competition.
• Apply the Technology Cycle for the product category, including its key aspects and the
variation and selection process of the design competition.
Section 5
Business Model Canvas
20%
• Apply the nine building blocks of the Business Model Canvas to both of your selected
companies.
o Refer to the lecture slides for the nine building blocks and what you should
focus on applying for each building block.
o Your work should be presented in the standard Business Model Canvas format
which can be found in this document 4 pages below.
o Since you have two companies and each canvas is one-page, you should end
up with 2 pages for this section.
The words in the
Business Model
Canvas count towards
the total word limit of
3,000 words.
N/A 5% Quality of writing, referencing, written communication.
The University of Sydney Page 9
Notes for the Report
– Figures (images or diagrams), tables and quotes are typically very effective
in an essay. Please use them, but only if it adds useful information to your
report. If you do, you must reference the source of the information.
– You are encouraged to create your own figures and tables. If you do, show
that you created them (e.g., “created by First name Surname for
INFO5992”)
– When referring to a figures / tables, make sure appropriate description is
given so that they are understandable – figures / tables contain a lot of
information!
– There is no template – please use a template of your own choice. It is OK
for the text to be either single-spaced or double-spaced.
– Use Harvard or Vancouver referencing style – keep your referencing style
consistent
The University of Sydney Page 10
Notes for the Report
– Sources:
– Read widely; read journal articles (eg online through the library), online
magazines and high quality blogs.
– Using reliable scholarly sources – innovation literature
– Wikipedia is highly variable in quality, derivative and typically not a
good source for your essay (except perhaps for gaining a general
understanding before reading more deeply from the literature or high-
quality blogs)
– Company websites are rarely unbiased descriptions of examples
(though may provide some useful information that should be understood
in its context)
– There are tips on library use (and referencing) at
http://www.library.usyd.edu.au/skills/
List of Industries
Industries
Select one industry from the Global Industry Classification Standard:
• Refer to: https://www.msci.com/gics
• You may select a “Sector”, “Industry Group”, “Industry” or “Sub-Industry”
• It depends on how specific you’d like your selection to be.
The University of Sydney Page 12
Technology Topics
Technology selection
Select a technology from the following list:
1. 2-way brain-computer interface
2. Generative artificial intelligence
3. Nanosatellites
4. Federated learning
5. Explainable artificial intelligence
6. DNA Computing and storage
7. Differential learning
8. Electric Smart-Grid & Micro-Grid
9. Green Technology
The University of Sydney Page 12
Students are not allowed to use this description in section one of their assignment. This only
serves as an introduction with the sole purpose of helping students to select a technology. The University of Sydney Page 15

2-Way Brain-Computer Interface
Technology 1 (out of 9)
BCI is a type of user interface in which there is a direct communication link
between the brain and an external device. This connection is a two-way
link, or bidirectional. One direction involves sending brain activity to a
computer, and the computer translating brain activity into motor
commands. Communication can also happen in the other direction – where
the computer sends information directly to the brain
Students are not allowed to use this description in section one of their assignment. This only
serves as an introduction with the sole purpose of helping students to select a technology. The University of Sydney Page 16
Generative Artificial Intelligence
Technology 2 (out of 9)
Generative AI generate new, artificial data based on a data distribution
derived from training data. Unlike discriminative AI which evaluates
candidates and discriminates between different kinds of data instances,
generative AI generate new data instances. Generative AI can generate
new images, natural language, code, human speech and more.
Students are not allowed to use this description in section one of their assignment. This only
serves as an introduction with the sole purpose of helping students to select a technology. The University of Sydney Page 17
Nanosatellites
Technology 3 (out of 9)
Nanosatellites are small satellites that are deployed to low-earth orbit (LEO) at
an altitude of between 160 to 2,000km for a range of missions, including earth
observation (imaging), communication, and PNT (positioning, navigation &
timing). Unlike traditional satellites that are large and heavy, nanosatellites are
small, light, cheaper and faster to manufacture, and easier to launch. A network
of nanosatellites can provide continuous, global coverage and may prove to be
superior compared to current alternatives.
Students are not allowed to use this description in section one of their assignment. This only
serves as an introduction with the sole purpose of helping students to select a technology. The University of Sydney Page 18
Federated Learning
Technology 4 (out of 9)
Federated Learning enables the training of machine learning models
across multiple decentralised edge devices or servers holding local
training data. It allows separate edge devices to collaboratively learn a
shared model while keeping all training data on individual devices. This is
contrasted with standard machine learning where the data and training
process is centralised at a central server.
Students are not allowed to use this description in section one of their assignment. This only
serves as an introduction with the sole purpose of helping students to select a technology. The University of Sydney Page 19
Explainable Artificial Intelligence
Technology 5 (out of 9)
Recent years have seen significant advances in the capabilities of artificial
intelligence – being able to produce highly accurate results (e.g. predictions).
However, they are also highly complex, if not outright opaque, rendering their
workings difficult to interpret. There is a need to understand how AI works, and
how and why a particular decision was reached. Explainable AI addresses the
issues of “black-box models” by making AI interpretable, explainable,
transparent, justifiable and contestable.
Students are not allowed to use this description in section one of their assignment. This only
serves as an introduction with the sole purpose of helping students to select a technology. The University of Sydney Page 20
DNA Computing and Storage
Technology 6 (out of 9)
DNA Computing and Storage use DNA and biochemistry in place of
silicon or quantum architectures to perform computation and store data.
The data is encoded into synthetic DNA for storage and enzymes enable
processing through chemical reactions. DNA Computing and Storage will
transform data storage, processing parallelism and computing efficiency.
Students are not allowed to use this description in section one of their assignment. This only
serves as an introduction with the sole purpose of helping students to select a technology. The University of Sydney Page 21
Differential Privacy
Technology 7 (out of 9)
Differential Privacy enables privacy-preserving data analysis so that
data can be collected, shared and analysed whilst preserving the privacy
of individuals. It applies noise functions of certain characteristics to
datasets or query results so that no specifics of individual records present
in the original dataset are revealed, while simultaneously allowing the
dataset to provide insights through data analytics.
Students are not allowed to use this description in section one of their assignment. This only
serves as an introduction with the sole purpose of helping students to select a technology. The University of Sydney Page 22
Electric Smart Grid & Micro-Grid
Technology 8 (out of 9)
Conventional electricity grid is a centralised system that transfers high-voltage power from various
generation stations to sub-stations through transmission lines. This centralised system delivers power
from the generation station to consumers in a uni-directional flow. As Distributed Energy Sources
(such as renewable energy) are integrated to conventional electricity grids, severe supply
fluctuations occur due to variability in the supply of energy from renewable energy sources. These
fluctuations can cause issues with reliability and quality of power and increase the risk of damage
to network infrastructure. Smart Electric Grid enables decentralised generation and distribution of
electricity from distributed sources of energy across the electricity system network, and networks of
localised grids known as Micro-Grids may provide self-sufficient systems for individual communities
that can operate independently.
Students are not allowed to use this description in section one of their assignment. This only
serves as an introduction with the sole purpose of helping students to select a technology. The University of Sydney Page 23
Green Technology
Technology 9 (out of 9)
Green technology refers to any technology which reduces or eliminates
the impact of human activities on the environment with a view to protect
the environment, reverse/repair damage already done to the enrionment,
and conserve the Earth’s natural resources.
Examples of Green Technology include renewable energy, recycling and
waste management, and wastewater treatment.