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CIVE1180 - Transport Engineering 1

Group Project - Geometric Design of Roads

Background

Interest has been expressed in building a new road in a greenfield site close to Newborough, Victoria. According to the data collected from various traffic count stations on adjacent roads,  the  road  is   expected  to  provide  better  connection within  the  Gippsland  region   and  have  two  lanes  and   two  directions  of  travel.  It can  be classified Class 2 rural as per Austroads functional classification. Each group will be responsible for the geometric design of all components of the road between two points of your choice on the map (AutoCAD file in Canvas) in accordance with Austroads Guide to Road Design: Part 3. Each group is expected to select different initial and final points on the map and submit a technical report containing at least the following information:

1.   General description of the site and its topographic characterization;

In this part you are required to write a ½ page paragraph on the topographical characteristics of the terrain near the project site. This can include, for instance, information about the presence of mountains/hills/flat areas in specific zones of the map (i.e. “the map shows a consistently hilly terrain with max gradients around 5-10%; a small crest can be noticed in the north-west part of the map” or “the site experiences fluctuations in its elevation; the overall elevation difference between the start and end points is around 23 m”, etc).

2.   Technical Documentation; as a prospective engineer, you will need to think about any technical document to be requested to the council office that can facilitate your design work. Make sure the information is pertinent to the construction location (i.e. Clyde North and eastern suburbs).

For instance, you can list the documentation requested in a 2-column table where  the  first  column   shows  the   specific  technical  document  you request to  the  council whereas the second column includes a short description of how you will use the information included in the technical document.

As a generic example:

list of cultural heritage sites

The  proposed  route  will avoid passing through XYZ sites and will find mitigation strategies to preserve any indigenous cultural site located at XYZ.

Utility services map

As  the  new  road  will require excavation & earthworks, the  map  of  the  existing  utility  services  in  XYZ  area will be used to make sure no service to nearby properties is interrupted at XYZ during the project.

3.   Identification of 3 tentative routes on the map

In this section you are required to use AutoCAD to develop 3 preliminary routes between the initial and final points of the route (min length of the road should be 10 km). The procedure is identical to what has been covered during Week 3 and part of Week 5 Tutorials and should include the following steps:

-    identify the maximum grade foryour road;

-    select a slightly lower grade and use this value to connect consecutive level

curves on the map (i.e. calculate the distance to ‘climb’from one level curve to the next level curve and apply this distance using the circle command in AutoCAD to draw small arches of constant radius). Note that this can be a dynamic process whereas circles are tighter in mountainous terrains and looser in flatter areas.

-    keep  connecting consecutive  level curves until you have  linked Point A to Point B

-    rectify the ‘fragmented’ route with straight lines

-    identify  intersection points  between  two  straight  lines,  name  them  on the map

-    place annotations about the length of each straight segment

-   for   each   alternative,   prepare   a   table   with   information   about   each

intersection point (between a contour curve and your road),  its elevation, distance between consecutive points, % grade. See the table below as an example.

Point ID

Elevation [m]

Distance [m]

Grade [%]

A (starting pt.)

1416

-

-

1

1420

414.30

0.97

2

1420

899.00

0.00

3

1440

884.00

2.26

NOTE: the three routes must be located in different areas of the map and could have different total length.

4.   Screening of alternatives;

In this section you are asked to identify advantages and disadvantages of each of the 3 alternative routes and select the best one. You can use any design consideration of your choice  or  can  adopt  any  screening  criteria  of your choice to make your  final selection – i.e. assign weights to different criteria such as ‘Cost’, ‘Environment’, ‘earthworks’, … , to come up with the optimal solution. Make sure to use a quantitative approach rather than qualitative to justify your choices.

At the end of the screening process, clearly state which route is the best and why.

Congratulations,   the   first   part   is   now   ready   to   go!   PRELIMINARY SUBMISSION of ASSESSMENT TASKS  1  to 4  [8%]  is  due  on Week  8 - check Canvas for the submission deadline.

5.   Horizontal alignment

In this section the group is expected to work on both a numerical part (covered during Week 4 Tutorial) and a technical drawing part (covered during Week 5 Tutorial). Numerical Part:

-    depending on  the functional classification of  the road, find out an

appropriate design speed and maximum superelevation value  (see Austroads guide to Road Design Part 3);

-   find out the maximum side friction coefficient;

-    calculate the minimum radius of circular curves AutoCAD:

-    work on your best route only (you've identified the best route at point 4 of this assignment);

-    use  the  minimum  radius  previously  calculated  to  draw  circles  between straight lines and identify the two tangent points as explained in class (Week 5   tutorial);

-    remember  that a greater radius will generally make  the driver experience smoother 

-    place a circular curve between any two straight lines and put annotations on the value of radius R, angle α and length of each curve L (i.e. R = 1540 m, α =  135°, L = 326 m );

-    apply the same procedure to all the other curves from the beginning to the end of the route.

Numerical Part (cont,d):

-   for each curve (you have now obtained all the radii from the technical drawing but will need to support your assumptions with numerical data) calculate the superelevation ‘e,, the side friction coefficient ‘f,, length of superelevation development Le, length of the spiral Lsp

[suggestion: use Excel for the calculations]

-    prepare a similar table to the one you have prepared in Assessment Task 3  but now also include information about horizontal curves. For instance, each   curve will intersect the contour map at multiple locations and their elevation,   distance between consecutive points, and % grade will be different now -- this is like an update of the previous table but including horizontal curves.

-    check if the maximum slope is still granted in any section; if not, go back to  AutoCAD and adjust the curve radii. [ifyou have used Excel in the previous step, calculations should be a matter of minutes]

AutoCAD (cont’d):

-    print-out (.pdf file) the final horizontal alignment of the road centre line with indications of straights and circular curves and their properties (i.e. ID of the element, length, radius, etc.). Choose an appropriate scale. Put this file in the Appendix. [suggestion: since you are printing on a .pdf file and no paper print-out is needed, feel free to choose the printing size  that will most likely result in a clear and readable drawing  A4, A3, A0,…]

6.   Vertical alignment

In this section the group is expected to work on both a numerical part (covered during Week 6 Tutorial) and a technical drawing part (covered during Week 7 and Week 9 Tutorials).

AutoCAD:

-    Convert the horizontal alignment into a vertical profile by plotting the altitude of the centre line of the road;

-    adjust  the previous profile  with  straight  lines  to  rectify the fragmented vertical profile;

Numerical Part:

-    work on the adjustedvertical profile to design the vertical curves:

two consecutive slopes will form a vertex;

find out (analytically) whether that is a crest or a sag;

calculate  the  stopping sight  distance  SSD,  K-value,  length  of  the vertical curve Lv;

calculate the equation of the parabola and use that to find out PVC and PVT (x, y) coordinates;

do the same calculations for all vertical curves in your profile. AutoCAD:

-    identify PVC and PVT points of each curve on the vertical profile;

-    insert  the  vertical  curves  (i.e. parabola)  between  two  consecutive  slopes [suggestion: you  may  need more  (x, y) point  coordinates  in  addition  to PVC/PVT to draw the entire parabola]

-    print-out (.pdf file) the final vertical alignment of the road centre line with indications of grades, vertical curves and their properties  (i.e. ID of  the element, length, radius, etc.). Choose an appropriate scale. Put this file in the Appendix.

-    use the final vertical profile to calculate the volume of earthworks (i.e. m3  of cut, m3  offill) needed to build your road

7.   Apply the operating speed model (as discussed in Week 2 Tutorial) to your designed route on one direction of travel only (i.e. from start to end point)

[suggestion: assume that the initial speed at the starting point is at least equal to the desired speed on that road]

8.   Discuss about the coordination between horizontal and vertical alignments (see Week 3 Lecture slides) by focusing on the curves of your designed route -- i.e. consider the respective location of horizontal and vertical curves to draw some conclusions about the driver perception when driving on the road you have just designed. Explain how you could have improved your design choices with clear reference to the sections of your road.

9.   Draw 3 cross-sections of your designed road: one on a straight section,  one on a circular curve and specify the exact location on the map for both sections. Also draw one cross-section of a hypothetical transition curve (you do not need to locate this section on the map as drawing spirals in AutoCAD was not required by the assignment). Follow the instructions given during Week 10 tutorial. Print-out (.pdf file) the cross sections and put annotations of the lengths, altitude ofpoints, grades, etc. Choose an appropriate scale. Put this file in the Appendix.

10. Draw  some  conclusions   and  recommendations  to  further  progress  in  the design   stage;   i.e.   comments   on   the   difficulties   encountered   during   the preliminary  design,  things  that  will  deserve  more  attention  in  the  following design steps, etc.

There  is  no  specific  format  to  prepare  the  final  report.  Each  group  is  expected  to produce  a unique road project alignment; copying the road alignment  from another group will result in min 50% penalisation to both groups. Given that each group can select its own starting and ending point on a very large map, we are expecting each group to produce a different route.

If disputes arise between teammates about the individual effort put into the project, an anonymous peer review assessment will be conducted and team members who were not collaborative will be penalised (up to 100%).

Note: AutoCAD must be used for all technical drawings — NO screenshots are allowed in any of the reports and presentation. Turnitin  software  will  be  used  to check for  plagiarism!

Well  done!  The  project  is  finally  completed;  hopefully  road  users  will  enjoy your design. FINAL SUBMISSION of ASSESSMENT TASKS 5 to 10  [22%] is due in Week 12 - check Canvas for the submission deadline. Total Assessment

Weight: 30% (+ extra 10% for video presentation - check Canvas)

1.    general description of the site and its topographic characterization   [1%]

2.    Technical Documentation assessment    [2%]

3.    identification of 3 tentative routes on the map    [3%]

4.    screening of alternatives   [2%]

5.    horizontal alignment                                                                                                                  [5%]

6.    vertical alignment                                                                                                                      [5%]

7.    application of the operating speed model on the design route per one direction of travel       [4%]

8.    comments about the coordination between horizontal and vertical alignments                       [2%]

9.    technical drawing of 3 cross-sections                                                                                       [5%]

10.  conclusions and recommendations                                                                                            [1%]