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SOCI 411

Fall 2023

Lab AssignmenT #4

DUE ON D2L THROUGH DROPBOX ON December 3, 2023.

This lab assignment should be submitted to the appropriate folder in Dropbox through D2L by 11:59 pm on December 3^rd. You CANNOT use the same variables as the ones that are provided on the syntax examples for lab assignment #4 worksheet Anything more than superficial resemblance between labs will be taken as an indication of academic impropriety.

Note: This lab is graded out of a total of 50 marks.

1. Identify which is a Type I and Type II error (4 points):

a.  In the population, there is no difference between men and women in the number of hours they have watched The Voice.  However, in a random sample, you find a significant gender difference in hours watched of The Voice.

b.  In the population, tap dancers can stand for longer periods of time than members of “The International Couch Potatoes Club.”  However, in a random sample of 100 tap dancers and 100 members of the Couch Potatoes Club, you find no significant difference in mean standing time between these groups.

c.  In the population, men have higher levels of alcohol abuse than women.  However, in a random sample, you find no significant difference between men and women in levels of alcohol abuse.

d.  In the population, rock guitarists and classical guitarists are equally competent at identifying musical notes by ear.  However, in a random sample of 100 rock guitarists and 100 classical guitarists, you find that the mean number of notes accurately identified by rock guitarists is significantly higher than the mean number of notes identified by classical guitarists.

2. Next, we will look at the relationship between two nominal/ordinal variables of your choosing from the Alberta Survey dataset. Recode each variable so that there are only two valid response categories (if necessary). Be sure to exclude any missing data. Run a frequency of each variable and create a H_a and H₀ (your H_a can be directional (or not) if you wish). Paste your syntax and output. (3 points)

3. Now run a crosstab of the two variables from Question #3 and interpret your findings. Be sure that your crosstab is properly formatted to examine your hypotheses. Paste your syntax and output. (4 points)

4. In order to test if any difference you have found in your crosstab is statistically significant, rerun your crosstab and apply the chi square test. Use the Phi test to determine the strength of the relationship between your two variables. Paste your syntax and output and interpret your findings. (2 points) (please note a chi square table is pasted below)

5. Repeat steps 2-4 above but replace one of your variables with a variable with 3-5 vallid response categories and and use Craver’s V to assess the strength of the relationship. Paste your syntax and output and interpret your findings. (7 points) (please note a chi square table is pasted below)

6. Select one of the relationships you have examined through a cross-tab so far in this lab and consider a third variable using the elaboration method. Paste your syntax and output and interpret your findings.

A. Present a logical rationale for why the third variable (Z) may be antecedent or intervening (3 points)

B. Rerun the crosstab and interpret the zero-order relationship (3 points)

C. Run an elaborated cross-tab stratifying the table by Z and interpret the results to assess whether you have found replication, specification, explanation, suppression or distortion. (3 points)  

7. Using the Alberta Survey, Professor Lightman hypothesizes that there is a correlation between the number of credit cards you have (d9) and total household income (k12a), which we will treat as a continuous variable. Create a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis about the variables (your research hypothesis can be directional or non-directional). What is your IV and what is your DV? (3 points)

8. Produce a scatterplot of the variables from Question #7 and examine any trends within the data – do they visually meet the assumption of linearity? Does the relationship appear to be positive or negative? Paste your syntax and output below and briefly interpret the graph. (4 points).

9. Using SPSS, calculate Pearson’s R and answer the following questions for the variables you have used in Questions #7 and #8. Paste your syntax and output below. (10 points)

a. What sample size was used for your two variables?

b. What is the mean value of your two variables?

c. Is the Pearson’s R value significant? Strong or weak? What does it mean? Does it support your hypothesis?

d. How much does knowing a person’s income reduce error in predicting number of credit cards?

e. Properly interpret the value of r using the standard deviation.

10. Rerun the analysis above in Q9 to calculate and interpret Spearman’s Rho in SPSS. Paste your syntax and output below. (4 points)