Multiple choice questions (15 points): 1 point per question.

Answer ALL questions by shading in the corresponding answer on the bubble sheet.

Q1. The oldest sedimentary rocks are 3.8 billion years old. They show that at this time:

A)  There were already plants on land

B)  There was a hydrological cycle of erosion and deposition

C)  There were not yet any oceans

D)  The crust of the Earth had not yet solidified.

Q2. The substance that can both replicate itself and catalyse metabolic reactions is:

A)  DNA

B)  RNA

C)  Protein

D)  Lipid

Q3. How do bacteria acquire their resources?

A)  They engulf other cells

B)  They ingest solid particles and digest inside the cell

C)  They rotate around a solid particle until it breaks

D)  They secrete enzymes and digest substrates outside the cell

Q4. Who am I? I am a marine bacterium; I have both photosystem I and II with chlorophyll to capture light energy; I am responsible for about 10% of global primary production.

A)  E. coli

B)  Synechococcus

C)  Streptomyces

D)  Mycoplasma

Q5. Select the following features that are the main innovations of

eukaryotes: 1. Multicellularity, 2. Storage of chemical energy as ATP, 3. A tough, impermeable cell wall, 4. Mitosis

A)  1, 2, and 3

B)  1 and 2

C)  3 and 4

D)  4 only

Q12. What evidence suggests that the transition of plants to land happened only once?

A)  Land plants are polyphyletic

B)  Land plants are monophyletic

C)  There are land plants that absorb nutrients through their leaves

D)  Nonvascular land plants have a gametophyte-dominant life cycle

Q13. Which of the following is true of nonvascular plants?

A)  Absorbs nutrients through roots

B)  Contains xylem but not phloem

C)  Gametophyte phase is dominant

D)  Prevent dehydration with the help of stomata

Q14. Which of the following is not found in nonvascular plants?

A)  Gametophytes

B)  Rudimentary cuticle

C)  Xylem/Phloem

D)  Spores

Q15. Which main mechanism drives the diversity of life?

A)  Homeostasis

B)  Evolution

C)  Protocell

D)  Photosynthesis

Short Answer Questions (28 points total). Answer each chosen question in the space provided below; additional sheets will not be permitted.

. You can answer these questions in any combination of styles you like that best illustrate your knowledge of the topic (diagrams, point form, paragraphs). Usually, a combination of these forms is optimal.

. We will deduct points for incorrect spelling only for biological terms and concepts on which you are being tested on.

Q1. Describe either the “genetics-first” or the “metabolism-first” theories of the origin of life. (3 points) GB

Q2.  How do membranes contribute to the essential activities of prokaryote and eukaryote cells? (2 points) GB

Q3. How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics? (3 points) GB

Q4. Give an account of the origin and evolution of:

a) the mitochondrion (3 points) GB

b) chloroplast in eukaryote cells (3 points) GB

Q5. Describe the method of nutrition in fungi (2 points). What two main groups of fungi can be described based on their diet? (2 points) AH

Q6. Name two features shared by chloroplasts and mitochondria that support the endosymbiotic theory of their origin. (2 points) AH

Q7. Briefly describe three of the main challenges associated with the transition of plants to land. (3 points) AH