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ISTA 161: Ethics in a Digital World

Summer 2023

Location and time:

Online and asynchronous.

Course Description

This course explores the social, legal, and cultural fallout from the exponen9al explosion in         communica9on, storage, and increasing uses of data and data produc9on. In this class, we         emphasize the opposing poten9als of informa9on technologies to make knowledge widely         available and to distort and restrict our percep9ons. In a world of rapid technological change,    topics include (but are not limited to): eavesdropping and secret communica9ons, privacy;         Internet censorship and filtering, cyberwarfare, computer ethics and ethical behavior, copyright protec9on and peer-to-peer networks, broadcast and telecommunica9ons regula9on, including net neutrality, data leakage, and the power and control of search engines.

This course addresses ISTA Student Competencies F1, DAISBS2.1, EV1 and EV2.

Instructor and Contact Informa?on

Instructor: Rami El Ali

Email: ramielali@arizona.edu

Oce: online.

Oce Hours: online by appointment. Email the instructor to schedule an appointment.

Course homepage: D2L.

Course Format and Teaching Methods

This course will consist of weekly online asynchronous lectures posted to D2L. All other course    materials, which include PDFs and links, will also be made available on D2L weekly. Usually these materials will appear by 3pm on Monday each week.

Students assignments will be submiYed weekly on D2L. Students will have un9l 2pm on Monday to submit them each week aZer the rst week.

Course Objec?ves

This course explores the ethics of the digital world in ve steps. First we’ll begin by learning          about ethics and ethical reasoning. Then we’ll apply this reasoning to four different domains: the internet, the virtual world, data and algorithms, and the digital future. The topics we’ll discuss     include the ethics of search engines, fake news, echo chambers, the gamer’s dilemma, big data,  digital privacy, and AI alignment (for a full outline, please see the schedule of topics below).

The course’s aim is to give students:

-the opportunity to read and learn about recent trends, policy issues, and ethical dilemmas in the digital world.

-In their wriYen work, students will (i) analyze and ar9culate the ethical reasoning of relevant experts and (ii) construct and ar9culate their own ethical and policy arguments.

Expected Learning Outcomes

AZer comple9ng this course, you will be able to:

1- Explain some central moral theories and principles as they apply to digital ethics. 2- Construct cogent, logical arguments to defend moral judgments.

3- Describe and analyze central ethical issues that apply in the contexts of the internet, the virtual, algorithms, and the digital future.

4- Know the specific challenges faced by creators and users of computers in digital age. 5- Recognize instances of plausible ethical concern in the digital world.

6- Outline the historical development of new digital technologies and their impact on individuals and society.

7- Iden9fy an instance of ethical concern as being a case involving privacy, intellectual property rights, free expression, professional obliga9on, and/or social consequences.

Makeup Policy for Students Who Register Late

If you have registered late, please watch/read all the week’s readings and contact me ASAP to avoid any missed assignments.

Course Communica?ons

For general ques9ons about the course syllabus, policies, logis9cs, due dates, etc., please post these to Ques9ons about the Course under Discussions’ on D2L.

For ques9ons and comments about the different topics we’ll cover, please post these to Topic Discussions under Discussion’ on D2L.

If you have ques9ons related to your own specific situa9on—e.g., absence due to illness, need for an accommoda9on, request for an appointment — please email the instructor. Make sure to include your name and the course you are enrolled in when doing so.

Required Texts or Readings

The readings for this course consist in a series of journal papers and online entries that will be uploaded weekly on D2L. These also accessible to students online or through the University of Arizona libraries.

Readings for a given week will be made available on Monday by noon of that week under

Contenton D2L.

Assignments and Examina?ons:

The aim of this class is to benefit you by helping you understand the digital world you’re living in, and can expect to live in in the near future. The assignments for the course are instrumental.        They’re not valuable in themselves, they’re valuable as a means to helping you grasp the digital   world around you. So with that in mind, this course will usually involve three steps weekly:

1-Watch weekly lecture(s)

2-Read assigned reading(s) (around 30-40 pages per week)

3-Complete weekly assignment(s)

The graded components are the weekly assignment, and quiz on the third week. These are as follows:

4 Weekly assignments (70% total) : Each week students will receive an assignment on Monday   during the recorded lecture. Students need to submit their assignment by the following Monday before 2pm. These will be submiYed under ‘Discussions’ on D2L, under a thread I will create for that week.

The assignments will involve some wri9ng and informa9on collected online. In general, you can expect to write around 500-700 words weekly depending on your wri9ng style. But this will also depend on the specifics of your assignment. If you do this assignment and with a sincere effort, you’ll receive the full points for that week. If the assignment is rushed, you’ll receive half the      points for that week. If you do not submit an assignment, you’ll receive no points for that week.

The topics for the assignments are:

-Week 1 (June 5): Two short comments. The rst includes an introduc9on of yourself, and the second applies the ethical reasoning we’ll discuss to a digital issue that interests you.

-Week 2 (June 12): Discussion and response. You will select an issue on the internet that you think raises ethical concerns, and consider one way in which we might try to solve it, or fail  to. You’ll also comment on one feature of a classmate’s response.

-Week 3 (June 19): Argument and response. You will argue for a poten9al solu9on to the gamer’s dilemma and comment on one feature of a classmate’s response.

-Week 4 (June 26): Discussion and assessment. You will present one social issue that is affected by algorithms, big data, or ar9ficial intelligence and suggest a way of addressing it, or further diagnose the problem.

Final paper (20%) At the beginning of week 4 (June 26), you’ll receive a nal paper assignment with an associated rubric. This will be a paper between 1000-1500 words detailing one digital  ethics issue that par9cularly interests you, and either developing the issue, or proposing           poten9al theore9cal or applied solu9ons. This paper can also be a development of one of your ideas in the preceding weekly comments. This paper will be due at the end of the semester.

Quiz (10%) On week 3 I will give you a short quiz (around 10 ques9ons) composed of either       short answer or mul9ple choice ques9ons on the issues discussed so far. The quiz allows you to use notes or other resources but will be 9me-limited.

Grading Scale and Policies

Final grades will be assigned as follows: 100-90% = A; 89-80% = B; 79-70% = C; 69-60% = D;

59-0% = E

Your final grade will be determined by the assignments above. These are:

4 wri9ng assignments (17.5% each, 70% total)

1 final paper (20%)

1 quiz (10%)

University policy regarding grades and grading systems is available at hYp://catalog.arizona.edu/ policy/grades-and-grading-system

Extra Credit: I do not offer extra credit on an individual basis or allow students to redo par9cular assignments. I may offer extra credit opportuni9es to the whole class, but please do not rely on this possibility.

Late/Missed Assignments : If you contact me 24 hours or more before a deadline, you may   request an extension of up to 48 hours for any legi9mate reason without personal details or medical documenta9on. Unexcused late assignments will be accepted but penalized              immediately aZer the deadline has passed.

If an issue is medical, the students should contact the Dean’s office for an excuse. The university policy discourages instructors from reques9ng documenta9on of medical excuses for privacy      reasons, so I cannot personally excuse missed assignments for medical reasons.

Incomplete (I) or Withdrawal (W):

Requests for incomplete (I) or withdrawal (W) must be made in accordance with University

policies, which are available at hYp://catalog.arizona.edu/policy/grades-and-grading- system#incomplete and hYp://catalog.arizona.edu/policy/grades-and-grading- system#Withdrawal respec9vely.

Dispute of Grade Policy:

If you believe you received the wrong grade on an assignment, please le this dispute within one week of receiving the grade as the grade will not be changed aZer that period has passed.

Honors Credit

Students wishing to contract this course for Honors Credit should email me to set up an                  appointment to discuss the terms of the contract. Informa9on on Honors Contracts can be found

at hYps://www.honors.arizona.edu/honors-contracts.

Scheduled Topics/Activities

Weekly topics and readings

Dates and dues

Week 1: Ethics and Ethical reasoning

Handout on reasoning

Handout on fallacies

Consequen9alismentry on Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (selec9on)

O’Neill, A Simplied Account of Kants Ethics (selec9on)

Virtue Ethicsentry on Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (selec9on)

Cliord, The Ethics of Belief (selec9on)

Week 2: The Internet

June 12 Wri9ng

assignment 1 due

Clark, Andy & Chalmers, David J. (1998). The extended mind. Analysis 58 (1):7-19.

Richard Heersmink (2018) A Virtue Epistemology of the Internet: Search Engines, Intellectual Virtues and Educa9on, Social Epistemology, 32:1, 1-12, DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2017.1383530

Joshua Habgood-Coote (2019) Stop talking about fake news!, Inquiry, 62:9-10, 1033-1065, DOI: 10.1080/0020174X.2018.1508363 (selec9on)

Nguyen, C. Thi (2020). Echo chambers and epistemic bubbles. Episteme 17 (2):141-161. (Selec9on)

Week 3: The Virtual

June 19: Wri9ng

assignment 2 due.

Robert Nozick, “The Experience Machine,” from Anarchy, State and Utopia (Basic Books, 1974), 42–5 (selec9on)

Wildman, Nathan & McDonnell, Neil (2020). The puzzle of virtual theZ. Analysis 80 (3):493-499.

Chalmers, David John (2022). Chapter 6: What is reality? Reality+: Virtual Worlds and the Problems of Philosophy. New York: W. W. Norton. (selec9on)

Ali, Rami (2022) The diversity of values in virtual reality. Jus9ce Everywhere Blog.

Luck, Morgan (2009). The gamers dilemma: An analysis of the                  arguments for the moral dis9nc9on between virtual murder and virtual  paedophilia. Ethics and Informa9on Technology 11 (1):31-36. (Selec9on)

Ali, Rami (2022). The video gamer’s dilemmas. Ethics and Informa9on Technology 24 (2). (selec9on)