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CHEM 150

CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY

TEST 2

Monday 29th May, 2017  6.30 p.m.

QUESTION 1:  (20 marks TOTAL)

Calcium phosphate, Ca3(PO4)2 is an acid regulator, used in baking powder and acts as a bread enhancer. It can be prepared by the reaction given below.

3Ca(OH)2(aq) + 2H3 PO4(aq)    →  Ca3(PO4)2 (s)  +  6H2O(aq)

(a)      (2 marks) Show that the molar mass of Ca3(PO4)2 is 310.18 g mol-1 .

= 3 × 40.08 + 2 × 30.97 + 8 × 16 = 310.18 g mol-1

(b)      (2 marks) Calculate the amount in moles of H3 PO4 present in 25 mL of 0.253

mol L-1 H3 PO4 solution.

=  C × V = 0.253 mol L-1 × 0.025 L = 6.325 × 10-3 mol

(c)      (2 marks) Calculate the moles of Ca(OH)2 required to completely react with the H3 PO4 in the solution in (b) above.

6.325 103  mol                                     3

n(Ca(OH)2  =                                          3 = 9.4875 10    mol

2

(d)      (3 marks) Using your answer to (c) above calculate the mass of Ca3(PO4)2 produced in this reaction.

n(Ca3(PO4)2) =  9.4875 × 10-3 / 3 =3.1625 × 10-3 mol

m(Ca3(PO4)2) = 3.1625 × 10-3 mol × 310.18 g mol-1 = 0.98 g

(e)      (2 marks) A technician prepared  2.0 × 10-2 mol L-1 FeSO4 stock solution. For a

spectroscopic analysis a student needs to dilute the stock solution to prepare 100 mL of 5.0 × 10-3 mol L-1 FeSO4 solution. Calculate the volume of stock    solution that is required to prepare the diluted solution.

n(FeSO4) required = 5.0 × 10-3 mol L-1 × 0.1 L = 5 × 10-4 mol        V(FeSO4) = = 5 × 10-4 mol / 2.0 × 10-2 mol L-1 = 0.025 L = 25.0 mL

(f)      Potassium bitartrate, K2C4 H4O6 is commonly known as cream of tartar. This is

produced when tartaric acid, C4 H6O6 is titrated with NaOH as shown below. C4 H6O6 (aq)  + 2KOH(aq)   →  K2C4 H4O6(aq) + 2H2O(l)

In a titration 20.0 mL of tartaric acid required 21.35 mL of 0.152 mol L-1 KOH for complete neutralisation.

(i)        (1 mark) Calculate the amount in moles of KOH used in this titration.

= 0.152 mol L_1   ×  21.35 × 10-3 L = 3..2452 × 10-3 mol

(ii)       (1 mark) Calculate the amount in moles of tartaric acid, C4 H6O6 in 20.0

mL sample.

3.2452103  mol                             3

n(C4 H6O6 ) =               2             1 = 1.6226 10   mol

(iii)      (1 mark) Calculate the concentration of the tartaric acid C4 H6O6

solution.

C(C4 H6O6 ) =  03(一)3L(mol)  = 0.0811 mol L1

(iv)    (1 mark) The molar mass of tartaric acid 150.087 g mol-1 . Express the

concentration of tartaric acid you calculated in (iii) above in g L-1 .

Concentration = 0.0811 mol L-1 ×  150.087 g mol-1   = 12.17  gL-1

(g)      Nitrogen gas can be prepared by passing NH3 gas over solid CuO at high

temperature as shown by the following equation.

2NH3(g) + 3CuO → N2(g) + 3Cu(s) + 3H2O(g)

In one experiment 18.1 g NH3 is allowed to react with 90.4 g CuO.

(i)     (3 marks) Determine the limiting reactant in this preparation. Show all your working. M(NH3) = 17.03 g mol-1 , M(CuO) = 79.55 g mol-1

18.1g                                                              90.4 g        

n(NH3 ) =                     -1       = 1.063 mol ,  n(CuO) =                      -1       = 1.136 mol

17.03 g mol                                                    79.55 g mol

1.063 mol

2

have only 1.136 mol of CuO. So CuO is the limiting reactant.

(ii)    (2 marks) Calculate the mass of N2 produced in this experiment. M(N2)

28.02 g mol-1

n(CuO)      1.136 mol

n(N2 ) =                =                   = 0.3786 mol

2                  3

M(N2) = 0.3786 mol × 28.02 g mol-1 = 10.6 g

QUESTION 2 (20 marks)

(a)       (1 mark) Give an example for an intensive property.

Temperature, density

(b)

Diborane, B2 H6 mixes with air, easily forming explosive mixtures. It ignites at room temperature as shown in the equation below.

B2 H6 (g)  + 3O2(g)  →  B2O3 (s) + 3H2O(l)                      H° = -2148 kJ

(i)     (2 marks) If the above reaction produced H2O(g) instead of H2O(l) would the enthalpy change be same, more negative or less negative?

Justify your answer

Less negative as some energy will be used to convert H2O(l) to H2O(g). OR vaporisation is an endothermic process.

(ii)    (3 marks) Calculate the enthalpy of formation of B2 H6 using the equation

in (b) above and the information given below .

Substance

fH°

B2O3(s)

-1255

H2O(l)

-286

(c)      (3 marks) Calculate the enthalpy change for the following reaction using the reaction enthalpies given.

CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)

CaO(s) + 2HCl(aq)  → CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)

H° = ?

H° = - 386 kJ

CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)  H° = - 573 kJ

CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)  CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)  CaO(s) + 2HCl(aq)

H° = - 573 kJ H° =  386 kJ

CaCO3(s)  CaO(s) + CO2(g)

H° = -573  386 kJ = -187 kJ

(c)      Phosphine, PH3 is used in the semiconductor industry to introduce phosphorus

into silicon crystals. It is prepared by the reaction shown below. P4(g)  + 6H2(g)  → 4PH3(g)

In one preparation the consumption of H2 gas was measured. It is found that the concentration of H2 dropped from 1.75 mol L-1 to 0.43 mol L-1 within 30   seconds.

(i)       (1 mark) Calculate the rate of consumption of H2 in this preparation.

 = 一 (0.43 1      =    0.044 mol L1  s1

(ii)       (2 marks) Calculate the rate of production of PH3 .

 =   4 = 0.0.44 m6(o)l L1  s1   4 =   0.029 mol L1  s1

(iii)      (2 mark) What is the overall rate of this reaction.

0.044 mol L-1 s-1/ 6 or 0.029 mol L-1 s-1 / 4 = 7.33 × 10-3 mol L-1 s-1

(iv)     The rate law for the above reaction is determined to be

Rate = k[P4][H2]2

a.      (1 mark) What happens to the rate of reaction if the concentration of P4 is tripled?

Rate will increase by a factor of 3 / tripled

b.     (2 marks) What happens to the rate of reaction if the concentration of H2 is doubled? Justify your answer.

Rate will increase by a factor of 4

Rate  [ ]2 = 22 = 4

c.     (3 marks) In an experiment when the concentrations of P4 and H2 are 0.012 mol L-1 and 0.156 mol L-1 the rate of reaction is found   to be 1.26 mol L-1s-1 . Calculate the rate constant for this reaction. Give the units of the rate constant.

Rate = k[P4][H2]2

1.26  mol L-1s-1 = k × 0.012 mol L-1 × [0.156 mol L-1]2

1.26 mol L-1 s-1                       

0.012 mol L  [0. 156 mol L ]

QUESTION 3 (10 marks)

(a)   (1 mark) Write an expression for the equilibrium constant for the following

reaction.

Fe2O3(s) + 3H2(g)       2Fe(s) + 3H2O(g)

Kc = [H2O]3 / [H2]3

(b)   (1 mark) For a specific reaction, which of the following statements can be made

about K, the equilibrium constant? Circle the right choice.

(i)    It always remains the same at different reaction conditions.

(ii)   It increases if the concentration of one of the products is increased. (iii)  It changes with changes in the temperature.

(iv)  It increases if the concentration of one of the reactants is increased.

(v)   It may be changed by the addition of a catalyst.

Justify your answer

Answer: (iii).   For an endothermic reaction, an increase in temperature will shift the position of equilibrium toward the products, which will increase K. For exothermic  reaction, an increase in temperature will shift the position of equilibrium toward the reactants, which will decrease K.

(c)    (3    marks)    On    analysis,    an    equilibrium    mixture    for    the    reaction 2H2S(g) 2H2(g) + S2(g) was found to contain 1.0 mol H2S, 4.0 mol H2 , and 0.80 mol S2 in a 4.0 L vessel. Calculate the equilibrium constant (K) for this reaction.

[H2S] = 1.0mol/4.0L = 0.25 mol/L,   [H2] = 4.0mol/4.0L = 1.0 mol/L [S2] = 0.8mol/4.0L = 0.2 mol/L

K=[H2]2 [S2]/ [H2S]2 = (1.0)2(0.2)/(0.25)2 = 0.2/0.0625 = 3.2

(d)   (2 marks) Hydrogen gas and chlorine gas in the presence of light react explosively to form hydrogen chloride:

H2(g)  +  Cl2(g)

 

2HCl(g)

The reaction is strongly exothermic. Would an increase in temperature for the system tend to favour or disfavour the production of hydrogen chloride?

As the reaction is exothermic, heat is effectively a product. An increase in temperature would basically fight against of forward reaction as it tries to release energy, and would disfavour production of HCl

 

(e)  (3 marks) For parts (1)  to (3), write the number of the best answer on the line

provided. Each part is worth 1 mark.

1. If the reaction quotient (Q) has a smaller value than the related equilibrium constant (K)

(i)    the reaction is at equilibrium.

(ii)   the reaction is not at equilibrium, and will make more products at the

expense of reactants.

(iii)  the reaction is not at equilibrium, and will make more reactants at the

expense of products.

2.  Which of the following occurs when reactants are added to a chemical reaction in solution or the gas phase at equilibrium?

(i)    Q increases, so the equilibrium shifts to produce more products. (ii)   Q increases, so the equilibrium shifts to produce more reactants. (iii)  Q decreases, so the equilibrium shifts to produce more products.

(iv)   Q decreases, so the equilibrium shifts to produce more reactants.

(v)    Q is unchanged by the addition of reactants                                                   

3.  Which of the following are equal for a chemical system at equilibrium?

(i)    the concentrations of reactant and products are equal

(ii)   the rate constants for the forward and reverse reactions are equal

(iii)  the time that a particular atom or molecule spends as a reactant and product

are equal

(iv)  the rate of the forward and reverse reactions are equal

(v)   all of the above are equal