ACCTG 371 Financial Statement Analysis SEMESTER ONE, 2022
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ACCTG 371
SEMESTER ONE, 2022
ACCOUNTING
Financial Statement Analysis
QUESTION 1
(a) According to the revenue recognition standard, a performance obligation is defined as
the company’s contractual promise to transfer a good or service to the customer. The company recognizes revenue when (or as) it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a promised good or service to a customer, i.e., when the customer obtains control of that good or service. For each of the following businesses, briefly explain what the performance obligation is and when the company would recognize revenue for that performance obligation.
i. Broadway Co. operates a musical theatre. The company sells tickets for its upcoming season of six musicals. The performances occur monthly over the next six months. (Maximum words: 50) (2 marks)
ii. Market Co. sells gift cards that can be used at any of the company’s stores. The company encodes information on the card’s magnetic strip about the card’s value and the store where it was purchased. The company’s gift cards do not have expiration dates. (Maximum words: 50) (2 marks)
iii. Travelling Co., as a travel agent, contracts with one of its hotel vendors to sell hotel vouchers online. The company does not take control of the voucher inventory.
(Maximum words: 50) (2 marks)
(b) ABC Company receives information that requires the company to increase its
expectations of uncollectible accounts receivable. Briefly explain how it would affect the company’s financial statements. (Maximum words: 50) (2 marks)
(c) XYZ Corporation has aged its accounts receivable (A/R) and estimated uncollectible accounts as a percentage of A/R as shown in the table below (in thousands). What is the company’s allowance for doubtful debts account balance by the end of the current period, and what bad debt expense does the company report for the current period? Assume the company’s allowance account balance at the beginning of the current period is $100 thousand. Show your workings and round your answer to the nearest thousand dollars.
Age of Receivables |
A/R Balance ($000) |
Estimated % uncollectible |
Current |
22,100 |
1% |
30-60 days past due |
1,680 |
2% |
61-90 days past due |
2,850 |
5% |
Over 90 days past due |
680 |
10% |
(2 marks) (Total for Question 1: 10 marks)
QUESTION 2
(a) Following are some financial statement numbers and ratios for Terrier Corporation for
the year ended 31 December 2021.
2021
Net operating assets (in millions)
Net operating profit margin (NOPM)
Net operating asset turnover (NOAT) based on ending balance
Assume the following in 2022:
• a 5% growth in sales
• a continuation of the 2021 NOPM and 2021 NOAT
Required:
Forecast the company’s net operating profit after tax (NOPAT) for 2022. Show your workings and round your answer to the nearest million dollars. (2 marks)
(b) Following are some financial statement numbers for Poodle Limited for the year ended
31 December 2021.
(in millions)
Sales
Depreciation expense
Capital expenditure (CAPEX) Property, plant, equipment (PPE), gross Property, plant, equipment (PPE), net
2021 |
$92,000 1,800 2,300 37,170 18,500 |
Assume the following in 2022:
• a 5% growth in sales
• a continuation of the 2021 ratio of “Depreciation expense / beginning PPE, net”
• a continuation of the 2021 ratio of “CAPEX / Sales”
Required:
Forecast the company’s net balance of PPE by the end of 2022. Show your workings and round your answer to the nearest million dollars. (4 marks)
QUESTION 2 (Continued)
(c) Below is information extracted from Ragdoll Inc.'s financial statements for 2021 and preliminary forecasts for 2022.
2021
2022
(in millions) Reported Preliminary forecasts
Short term debt (plug)
Interest income
Interest expense
In the preliminary forecasting process, interest income and interest expense are forecasted with no change. Short-term debt is used as an account to balance the initial forecasted Balance Sheet.
Required:
Calculate the revised plug value in the final forecasted Balance Sheet for 2022, assuming the following:
• the revised interest expense forecast is $120 million
• the revised interest income forecast is $230 million
• net income is the only item that needs to be updated in the revised Balance Sheet
• 2022 forecasted effective tax rate is 25%
Show your workings and round your answer to the nearest million dollars. (3 marks)
(Total for Question 2: 9 marks)
QUESTION 3
The following information is based on Maltese Company’s financial statements for the fiscal years 2021 and 2020.
Operating assets
Nonoperating assets
Operating liabilities
Nonoperating liabilities
Income statement
Operating profit before interest and income tax
Net interest and finance costs
Profit before income tax
Total income tax
Profit for the year
Statement of comprehensive income
Profit for the year (NPAT)
Other comprehensive income
Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations Cash flow hedges taken directly to equity, net of tax Total other comprehensive income after income tax Total comprehensive income for the year
Statement of changes in equity
Balance at the beginning
Profit for the year
Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations Cash flow hedges taken directly to equity, net of tax Dividend payment
Shares issued
Balance at the end
Maltese’s statutory tax rate is 28%.
Required:
2,021 $000
1,025,410 19,980 507,500 198,600
97,670 -22,780 |
2,020 $000
1,033,731 16,686 483,630 250,007
84,720 - 18,420 |
74,890 -26,900 |
66,300 - 18,925 |
|
47,990 |
47,375 |
|
47,990 |
47,375 |
|
-2,500 |
1,475 |
|
900 |
1,826 |
|
|
|
3,301 |
46,390 |
50,676 |
|
316,780 |
259,370 |
|
47,990 |
47,375 |
|
-2,500 |
1,475 |
|
900 |
1,826 |
|
-29,000 |
-47,456 |
|
5,120 |
54,190 |
339,290 316,780
(a) Use two methods to compute Maltese’s Free Cash Flows to the Firm (FCFF) for 2021,
showing how FCFFs are created and distributed. Treat items related to foreign exchange differences on translation as operating and items related to cash flow hedges as nonoperating. Show your workings and round your answer to the nearest thousand dollars. (6 marks)
QUESTION 3 (Continued)
(b) Estimate Maltese’s firm value using the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model at the end
of the fiscal year 2021, assuming the following:
• regardless of your answer in part (a), FCFF at the 2021 fiscal year end is $90 million (i.e., in thousands of $90,000 ($000))
• cost of equity capital is 8.9% and remains constant over time
• weighted average cost of capital is 7.4% and remains constant over time
• forecast horizon period is 2022-2024
• growth rate for the first two years of the horizon period is 10%
• growth rate for the last year of the horizon period is 1%
• terminal period growth rate is 1%
Show your workings and round your answer to the nearest thousand dollars. (4 marks)
(c) Maltese’s Balance Sheet at the end of 2021 reveals that the Equity section includes non- controlling interests. Briefly explain how you will treat this item when estimating Maltese’s stock price using the DCF model. (Maximum words: 50)
(1 mark) (Total for Question 3: 11 marks)
QUESTION 4
UoA Inc. reports the following financial data for its fiscal year ended 31 December 2021 ($ millions):
UoA Inc.
Balance Sheet
Cash |
$ 160 |
Accounts payable |
$ 330 |
Accounts receivable |
360 |
Short-term debt |
640 |
Inventory |
420 |
Lease liabilities |
340 |
Property, plant & equipment |
1,600 |
Equity |
1,230 |
Total assets |
$2,540 |
Total liabilities and equity |
$2,540 |
UoA Inc.
Statement of Comprehensive Income
$3,280
Comprehensive net operating profit after tax (NOPAT) $ 328
Additional information
• UoA’s forecasted sales and comprehensive NOPAT for 2022 are $3,570 million and $357 million, respectively.
• UoA’s weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 7% and remains constant over time.
Required:
(a) Forecast the company’s residual operating income (ROPI) for 2022. Show your
workings and round your answer to the nearest million dollars. (2 marks)
(b) Estimate UoA’s equity value using the Residual Operating Income (ROPI) model at the
end of the fiscal year 2021, assuming the following:
• forecast horizon period is 2022-2024
• UoA’s “net operating profit margin (NOPM)” and “net operating asset turnover (NOAT), year-end” will remain the same as the fiscal year 2021
• sales growth rate for 2023 and 2024 is 5%
• terminal period sales growth rate is 2%
Show your workings and round your answer to the nearest million dollars. (6 marks)
QUESTION 4 (Continued)
(c) Assume UoA Inc. takes the following actions at the end of the fiscal year 2021. For each action, recalculate residual operating income for 2022. Show your workings and round your answer to the nearest million dollars.
(Note: These actions are taken independently of each other. You should only consider the effect of the accounts specified and assume the rest of the financial data and forecast assumptions remain unchanged.)
i. Reduce inventory by 10%, which reduces accounts payable by 5%. (1 mark)
ii. Increase property, plant and equipment (PPE) by 20% with no consequent impact on comprehensive NOPAT for 2022. (1 mark)
iii. Engage in a sale and leaseback of a major building. The company will sell 50%
of its PPE at book value and increase after-tax rental costs by $30 million for 2022. (1 mark)
iv. Increase debt by $300 million, which consequently increases interest expense by $15 million for 2022.
(1 mark) (Total for Question 4: 12 marks)
QUESTION 5
(a) Analysts will often use the observed Price-to-Book (PB) ratio to infer market
expectations regarding a company’s future performance under various assumptions. The following table provides summary data for DAF Company (in millions).
Market value of equity Book value of equity Current return on equity (ROE) Historical five-year average earnings growth |
$540 $300 15% 2% |
Additional information:
• Analysts forecast a 3% annual earnings growth rate for DAF’s industry over the next five years.
Required:
i. Assume that the market’s expectations of future ROE and the discount rate are 13% and 7%, respectively. Solve for the implied growth rate in percent. Show your workings and round your answer to two decimal places. (1 mark)
ii. Assume that the market’s expectations of the discount rate and the growth rate are 7% and 4%, respectively. Solve for the implied future ROE in percent. Show your workings and round your answer to two decimal places. (1 mark)
iii. Do the market expectations implied from the results of parts i and ii seem reasonable? Briefly Explain. (Maximum words: 80) (2 marks)
(b) A combination of the observed Price-to-Book (PB) and the observed Price-to-Earnings
(PE) ratios can often give a more comprehensive insight than either ratio used alone. The following table shows the observed PB and PE ratios for two companies A and B as well as the industry average.
2023-05-29