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EXAMINATION PAPER: ACADEMIC SESSION 2018/2019

ACCO 1116

FINA 1074

FINA 1127

Financial and Management Accounting

Financial Management

Financial Management

Question One

Watson Ltd makes a single product, the CIG-90121 digital programmable scientific calculator, which it currently sells for £25 per unit.

The cost accountant has calculated the following unit production costs, based on a budgeted production and sales level of 50,000 units:

✓ Direct material: £2.3

✓ Direct labour: £3.1

✓ Other production costs: £5.6

✓ Distribution and marketing: £6.2

Other production costs are 80% variable and 20% fixed.

Distribution and marketing costs are 40% variable and 60% fixed.

You are required to:

1)   Calculate the variable cost per unit, fixed cost per unit and the margin of safety (in units), based upon the information above. (13 marks)

2)    Draw a graph of your findings, accurately showing:

•    Variable and fixed costs

•    Total costs

•    Total revenue

•     Margin of safety (in units)

•     Break-even point.

(Ensure your graph is fully labelled) (10 marks)

3)    Show the effect on operating income if the sales price is reduced from  the current £25 to £21.6 per unit and the level of sales increases by 10%, as foreseen by market research carried out by the marketing department. Demonstrate the difference (in £ and %) with the original scenario. (10 marks)

4)    Calculate the minimum acceptable selling price per unit if Watson Ltd accepts a one-off contract to produce an additional 5,000 units. The following adjustments should be made:

•     a specific delivery cost of £0.75 per unit will occur,

•     all variable distribution and marketing costs will be eliminated, and replaced with a single payment of £4,000 related to this contract. (5 marks)

5)    Explain why breakeven analysis can only work if there is a single product (or a constant mix of products), and explain four other drawbacks of breakeven analysis.

(12 marks) Total 50 marks


Question Two

“Big Mc” is a Norfolk-based company that manufactures  engineering tools. The company is considering various investment projects that should help in improving its operations. It has shortlisted three projects and asked you to recommend the best option. You have been provided with the following information about the projects:

▪ Project I will last for 4 years. The initial expenditure is £750,000 and the expected cash flow originating from the project is £300,000 for the first 2 years of the project, £250,000 in year 3 and £100,000 in the last year of the project’s life.

▪ Project II will last for 4 years. The initial outlay is £900,000 and the expected cash flow originating from the project is £450,000 in the first year of the project and £300,000 for the following years of the project’s life.

Project III will last for 5 years. The initial outlay is £800,000 and the expected cash flow originating from the project is £200,000 in the first year, then increasing by £50,000 each year in years 2, 3, 4 and 5.

The cost of capital is 7% per year.

You are required to:

1.         Evaluate the three projects using:

(i)           Payback Period                                                                     (7½ marks) 

(ii)          Net Present Value (NPV)                                                      (19 marks)

2.         Explain, which projects should be accepted and why:

(i)   Using both Payback Period and NPV                                             (3 marks)

(ii)  If the projects were independent and indivisible, and the company has a maximum

of £1,800,000  to invest.                                                                   (4½  marks)

3.    Discuss the potential financial and non-financial factors that company directors need to consider when selecting projects. Demonstrate both positive and negative aspects of financial and non-financial factors.                                               (16 marks)

(Total 50 marks)


Question Three

The management team of IGLOO Plc is considering investment in a new production system to improve company operation. The finance director has asked you to evaluate how much cash the company will have available at the end of March  2019 .

You have been provided with the following information:

a)        The sales forecast for the period from November 2018 to March 2019 is reported in the table below:

 

Nov-18

Dec-18

Jan-19

Feb-19

Mar-19

Sales (Unit)

100

120

130

140

140

Unit price

£200

£200

£220

£220

£180

b)        30% of sales are made for cash and the remaining 70% are received in the month following the sale.

c)         Purchases are 60% of the sales revenue from the previous month. All purchase are on credit and are paid in the month following the purchase.

d)        Wages of £6,000 are paid monthly.

e)        Commission is 5% of monthly sales revenue and is paid in the month following  the sale.

f)         Rental charges are £3,000 per month from September to December, and then the cost is to increase by £500 in January and will stay at this level for some time. Rent is paid during the month in which it is incurred.

g)        Charges for light and heat are £2,000 per month and are paid every 2 months starting from February.

h)        Advertising cost is set at a monthly charge of £2,000 and is paid once per quarter, at the beginning of each quarter.

i)          In January the company sold some fixed assets for £12,000. The cash from this sale will be collected in April 2019.

j)         The company will pay tax charges of £3,000 in March 2019.

k)        The monthly depreciation charges are set at £5,500.

l)          Divined of £6,000 will be paid in February 2019.

m)       At the end of December 2018 IGLOO has a bank balance of £6,000.

You are required to:

1)        Prepare a cash budget from January 2019 to March 2019. All relevant workings must be shown. (26 marks)

2)        Explain why cash and profit are different concepts, and also explain how to treat depreciation expenses in a cash budget. (6 marks)

3)        Advise managers on the actions that can to be taken to avoid a cash deficit situation.

(18 marks) Total 50 marks