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Derivatives

ACFI918

25 May 2022

1.     You are given the following information on a series of options on Amazons stock:

Call

X

Put

C(X1)=585

X1=2500

P(X1)=19

C(X2)=175

X2=3000

P(X2)=110

C(X3)= 15

X3=3500

P(X3)=458

(a)    Complete the following table for the net terminal payoff (net profit) of a bear call spread, at expiration:

ST

Bear Call Spread

2300

$410.00

2400

$410.00

2500

$410.00

2600

$310.00

2700

$210.00

2800

$110.00

2900

$10.00

3000

-$90.00

3100

-$90.00

3200

-$90.00

3300

-$90.00

3400

-$90.00

3500

-$90.00

3600

-$90.00

3700

-$90.00

Illustrate this strategy graphically, noting the initial cost (or net cash inflow) of the strategy and the breakeven point(s), if any.

A spread (strategy) is the purchase of one option and the sale of another on the same underlying stock, but with different exercise prices, different expirations or both. A bear call spread is formed by buying a call with a certain exercise price and selling another call with a lower exercise price, but with the same expiration date. In this strategy, limited profits occur when the stock price is equal to or less than the lower exercise price, and limited losses occur when the stock price is equal to or greater than the higher exercise price.

The data of the problem gave students the possibility to pick three alternative bear call spreads:

__ buy the X2=3000 call and sell the X1=2500 call;

__ buy the X3=3500 call and sell the X2=3000 call;

__ buy the X3=3500 call and sell the X1=2500 call.

All three spreads allowed students to provide evidence of their knowledge of the subject and related practical skills. In the table above, we have given a solution based on the case of the first of the bear call spreads listed as (T is the common maturity of both call options):

Bear Call SpreadT(X2=3000, X1=2500) = max(0,ST-3000)-max(0,ST-2500)

As examined during the course, this strategy originates the following table/matrix of gross and net payoffs:

Stock Price

Exercise C2500

(we are short)?

Profits on C2500

Exercise C3000

(we are long)?

Profits on the C3000

Purchase

Net Profit

Write

-$175

-$175

-$175

-$175

-$175

-$175

-$175

-$175

-$75

$25

$125

$225

$325

The bear call spread has a set up cost of C(X1) + C(X2) = -$585 + $175 = -$410, i.e., the strategy leads to a cash inflow when it is set up.

Graphically, the same information in the table can be represented as:


Net Profit Profile for a buyer of an Amazon bear call spread with strike prices of $2500 and $3000

$500

$300

Stock Price ($'s)

Finally, the break-even point can be determined by solving:

C(X1) + C(X2) –max(0,ST – $2500) = $410 – ST + $2500 = 0

where only the payoff of the first, short call option is considered as the diagram shows  that  the  break-even  occurs  between  $2900  and  $3000.  Solving  the equation gives:

ST = $410 + $2500 = $2910.


(b)    Complete the following table for the payoff of a bear put spread, at expiration:



ST

Bear Put Spread

2300

$409

2400

$409

2500

$409

2600

$309

2700

$209

2800

$109

2900

$9

3000

-$91

3100

-$91

3200

-$91

3300

-$91

3400

-$91

3500

-$91

3600

-$91

3700

-$91

Illustrate this strategy graphically, noting the cost (or net cash inflow) of the strategy and the breakeven point(s), if any.

A bear put spread is formed by selling a put with a certain exercise price and buying another put with a higher exercise price, but with the same expiration date. In this strategy, limited profits occur when the stock price is equal to or less than the lower exercise price, and limited losses occur when the stock price is equal to or greater than the higher exercise price.

The data of the problem gave students the possibility to pick three alternative bear put spreads:

__ sell the X2=2500 put and buy the X1=3000 put;

__ sell the X3=2500 put and buy the X2=3500 put;

__ sell the X3=3000 put and buy the X1=3500 put.

All three spreads allowed students to provide evidence of their knowledge of the subject and related practical skills. In the table above, we have given a solution based on the case of the first of the bear call spreads listed as (T is the common maturity of both call options):

Bear Put SpreadT(X2=3000, X1=2500) = max(0,3000 - ST)-max(0,2500 - ST)    As seen during the course, this strategy originates the following table/matrix of gross and net payoffs:


Stock Price