Economics Analysis I Tutorial Questions 9
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Economics Analysis I
Tutorial Questions 9
Macroeconomics
1. How are the nominal exchange rate, price level and nominal interest rate determined?
2. Consider the following long-run model for a small open economy:
i. Y = C+ I+G+ NX
ii. C = C(Y − T)
iii. I = I(r)
iv. NX(c)
v. Y = F(K , L )
vi. r = r*
a. Explain the six equations.
b. What determines investment demand, national saving, net exports and the real exchange rate in equilibrium?
c. How are the nominal exchange rate, price level and nominal interest rate determined? (remember the Quantity and Fisher equations).
d. Draw diagrams to show what happens to national savings, investment, the real interest rate, net exports and the real exchange rate in the small open economy if there is a domestic fiscal contraction. How does this differ
from the effects on the small open economy if the fiscal contraction occurs abroad in a large open economy?
3. [*] Consider the following IS-LM model of a closed economy:
i. Y = C + c(Y − tY) + I − br+ G IS
ii. = Y − r LM
iii. P = P Price Level
a. State what each term in the above equations stands for and explain what the various relationships represent. Draw the IS and the LM curves and
explain what determines their slopes and what makes them shift.
b. Suppose that investment demand is independent of r. What does this
imply for the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policy?
c. Suppose that the demand for real money balances is independent of r. What does this imply for the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policy?
d. Derive the multipliers for government spending and monetary policy. What is ‘crowding out’? What is the Keynesian transmission mechanism? Relate this to the size of the multipliers and to your answers in parts b) and c).
e. The government is worried about the adverse impact of a planned fiscal expansion on private investment. Design a policy package that will achieve the dual goal of expanding government spending and stimulating private investment demand.
4. Suppose that an increase in consumer confidence raises consumers’ expectations about their future income and thus increases the amount they want to consume today. This might be interpreted as an upward shift in the consumption function. Use a graph to explain how this shift may affect investment and the interest rate.
5. Suppose a wave of credit card fraud causes consumers to use cash more frequently in transactions. Use the Liquidity Preference model to show how these events shift the LM curve.
6. The Mundell-Fleming model assumes that the world interest rate r* is an exogenous variable.
a. What might cause the world interest rate to rise?
b. In the Mundell-Fleming model with a floating exchange rate, what happens to aggregate income, the exchange rate and the trade balance when the world interest rate rises?
7. If an economy finds itself in a liquidity trap, what implications does this have for the conduct of monetary policy? Provide a graph to support your analysis.
2023-01-19