MTH319 Financial Engineering 1st SEMESTER 2021/22 FINAL EXAMINATION
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MTH319
Financial and Actuarial Mathematics
1st SEMESTER 2021/22 FINAL EXAMINATION
BSc FINANCIAL MATHEMATICS - Year 4
Financial Engineering
FINAL
Answer FOUR Questions
Q1 (Pricing Measure and Financial Calculus) (25 Marks)
1) (15 marks) Consider a one-period securities model with three states (Oi ,i=1,2,3) in which one Arrow security e(Oi ) pays unit payoff when the state Oi occurs and zero payoff otherwise at time t=1, and it is priced with a pricing function F at t=0:
q(Oi ) = F(e(Oi )),i = 1,2,3 .
Now suppose that the securities model is complete and the law of one price holds.
Show that for a security (S) with the discount payoff at time t=1,
( a1 )
S (1) = a(a)3(2) )||| ,
its price at t=0 can be expressed as follows:
S(0) = xq(Oi )ai .
=1
2) (10 marks) Let W(t) be the standard Brownian process. Show that
jT W(t)dW(t) = W(T)2 - T .
Q2 (Option Prices and Finite-Difference Methods) (25 Marks)
1) (15 marks) Consider a binomial option model defined by the triple of (u, d, q) under the risk-neutral measure, where the parameters u and d present the jump- up/down size of stock price, and q indicates the jump-up (risk-neutral) probability of stock over the time interval of Δ . Work out the values of u, d and q so that the stock price S produces the first two moments:
E[] = er and Var[] = e2r (e 2 1) ,
over the time interval of Δ in this model, where r and σ are constants.
2) (10 marks) Suppose that there exists a complete set of European call options, C0 (Ki , T) (i=1, 2, …, N) with a set of strike prices Kis and maturity T. These strike
prices are equally distributed with a price interval of ΔK. With this set of options,
apply the finite-difference methods to approximate the following derivative:
?2C0 (K,T)
?K2
Outline the key steps in the algorithm.
Q3 (Monte Carlo Simulation) (25 Marks)
Suppose that the stock price follows the process:
= rdt + dWt , S(0) = S0 .
Now suppose that a European option on the stock (S), with strike K and time to maturity T is tradable and its price at time 0 is expressed as follows:
C0 (K,T) = e rTEQ [(ST K)+ ] ,
where r presents the continuously compounded annual risk-free rate.
Answer the following questions:
1) (10 marks) Apply the Euler scheme to discretize the process of ln(S(t)).
2) (15 marks) Outline a Monte Carlo simulation (algorithm) to the option price,
C0 (K, T) .
Q4 (Interest Rate Products and Modelling) (25 Marks)
1) Suppose that a trader has agreed to pay 6-month LIBOR and receive 8% per annual (with semiannual compounding) on a notional principal of £100 million. The swap has a remaining life of 1.25 years. The LIBOR rates with continuous compounding for different maturities are as follows:
Maturity Rate
3-Months 10.50%
9-Months 11.00%
15-Months 11.50%
The 6-month LIBOR rate at the last payment date was 10.60% (with semiannual compounding). The next payment will occur within 3 months.
Answer the following questions:
a) (5 marks) Present the cash flows of the trader’s position in swap and timing in its remaining life.
b) (10 marks) What is the value of this swap? Is it overvalued or undervalued?
2) (10 marks) Consider the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) model for the spot rate r(t):
dr(t) = a(b r (t))dt + dW (t)t , r (0) = r0
Outline a Monte Carlo simulation (algorithm) for the discretized process of r(t), based on the antithetic sampling method.
Q5 (Portfolio Management) (25 Marks)
Consider the following information regarding the performance of a money manager in a recent month. The table represents the actual return of each sector of the manager’s portfolio in column 2, the fraction of the portfolio in column 3, the benchmark or neutral sector allocation in column 4, and the returns of sector indices in column 5:
Asset Actual Return Actual Weight Benchmark Weight Index Return |
||||
Equity Bonds Cash |
0.02 0.01 0.01 |
0.7 0.2 0.1 |
0.6 0.3 0.1 |
2.50% (S&P500) 1.20% (Barclays Index) 0 50% |
Answer the following questions:
1) (5 marks) What was the contribution of security selection to relative performance?
2) (15 marks) What was the contribution of asset allocation to relative performance? Confirm that the sum of selection and allocation contributions equals her total “excess” return relative to the bogey (benchmark).
3) (5 marks) What are the underlying arguments that support the valuation in 1) and 2)?
2023-01-10