MTH319 Financial Engineering 1st SEMESTER 2019/20 FINAL EXAMINATION
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MTH319
Mathematical Sciences
1st SEMESTER 2019/20 FINAL EXAMINATION
BSc FINANCIAL MATHEMATICS - Year 4
Financial Engineering
FINAL
Answer FOUR Questions
Q1 (Pricing Measure and Financial Calculus) (25 Marks)
1) Consider a securities model with two risky securities and the risk-free security, and there are three possible states. The current discounted price vector is given:
S* (0) = (1,3,3)
and discounted payoff matrix at t=1 is given
S * (1) =
Work out the liner pricing measure probabilities in this market. (10 marks)
2) Suppose that the stock price and bank account follow two processes under a probability measure:
= rdt +σdWt
dBt
B
= rdt
Let Yt = St / Bt . Prove that Yt is a martingale. (15 marks)
Q2 (Option Prices and Finite-Difference Methods) (25 Marks)
Suppose that the annual risk-free rate (r) is continuously compounded. Consider the time-zero pricing formula for a European call with strike price K and maturity T:
c0 = e− rT EQ [(ST − K)+ ]
Answer the following questions:
1) Work out EQ [1ST >K ] (e.g., prob(ST>K)) and EQ [1ST =K ] (e.g., prob(1 ST=K)), where 1(.) is an indicator function, equal to 1 if ST=K and 0 otherwise. (10 marks)
2) Apply the finite-difference methods to approximate EQ [1ST >K ] and EQ [1ST =K ] . Outline the key steps in the algorithm. (15 marks)
Q3 (Monte Carol Simulation) (25 Marks)
Suppose that the stock price follows the process:
= rdt +σdWt , S(0) = S0
Answer the following questions:
1) Let Y(t)=ln(S(t)). Work out the stock process for Y(t). (10 marks)
2) Apply the Euler scheme to discretize the process of Y(t). (5 marks)
3) Outline a Monte Carlo simulation (algorithm) to the discretized process of Y(t) by applying the control variate method to reduce the variance of simulated samples. (10 marks)
Q4(Interest Rate Products and Modelling) (25 Marks)
1) Suppose that a bank has agreed to pay 6-month LIBOR and receive 8% per annual (with semiannual compounding) on a notional principal of $100 million. The swap has a remaining life of 1.25 years. The LIBOR rates with continuous compounding for 3-month, 9-month and 15-month maturities are 10%, 10.5% and 11%, respectively. The 6-month LIBOR rate at the last payment date was 10.2% (with semiannual compounding). The next payment will occur within 3 months.
What is the value of this swap? (15 marks)
2) Consider the Vasicek model for the spot rate r(t):
dr(t) = a(b − r(t))dt +QdW(t)t , r(0) = r0
Outline a Monte Carlo simulation (algorithm) for the discretized process of r(t), based on the antithetic sampling method. (10 marks)
Q5(Portfolio Management) (25 Marks)
Consider the following information regarding the performance of a money manager in a recent month. The table represents the actual return of each sector of the manager’s portfolio in column 1, the fraction of the portfolio in column 2, the benchmark or neutral sector allocation in column 3, and the returns of sector indices in column 4:
Asset
Actual
Return
Actual
Weight
Benchmark
Weight
Index Return
Equity |
0.02 |
0.70 |
0.60 |
2.50% (S&P500) |
Bonds |
0.01 |
0.20 |
0.30 |
1.20% (Salomon Index) |
Cash |
0.01 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.50% |
Answer the following questions:
1) What was the manager’s return in the month? What was the over-performance or under-performance? (5 marks)
2) What was the contribution of security selection to relative performance? (10 marks)
3) What was the contribution of asset allocation to relative performance? Confirm that the sum of selection and allocation contributions equals the total “excess” return relative to the benchmark portfolio. (10 marks)
2023-01-10